Perspectives on translation of positronium imaging into clinics

Moskal, P.; Stępień, Ewa

doi:10.3389/fphy.2022.969806

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Measurements of CP violating correlations involving the polarisation of the o-Ps with the momentum vectors of the emitted photons are consistent with zero at O(10 −3 ) (Yamazaki et al, 2010). In future experiments up to O(10 −5 ) precision in CP and CPT violating correlations is expected from measurements with the J-PET tomograph in Krakow where new correlations involving polarisation of the final state photons are also measured (Moskal et al, 2016). While the underlying QED conserves CP and CPT, finite values for CP and CPT violating correlations in o-Ps decays at the level of O(10 −9 ) − O(10 −10 ) can occur associated with the fact that unstable Ps is not an eigenstate of T symmetry.…”

Section: Positronium In the Standard Modelmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Quantum entanglement of the emitted photons in positronium decays is interesting as a fundamental physics issue (Acin et al, 2001;Hiesmayr and Moskal, 2017;Nowakowski and Bedoya Fierro, 2017). It also has interesting applications in PET devices for medical diagnostics (Caradonna et al, 2019;Hiesmayr and Moskal, 2019;McNamara et al, 2014;Moskal et al, 2018;Toghyani et al, 2016;Watts et al, 2021). Thus far the entanglement of photons from positronium, though predicted by theory, has not been observed experimentally.…”

Section: Photon Entanglement In Positronium Decaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Positronium Physics and Biomedical Applications

Bass¹,

Mariazzi²,

Moskal³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Positronium is the simplest bound state, built of an electron and a positron. Studies of positronium in vacuum and its decays in medium tell us about Quantum Electrodynamics, QED, and about the structure of matter and biological processes of living organisms at the nanoscale, respectively. Spectroscopic measurements constrain our understanding of QED bound state theory. Searches for rare decays and measurements of the effect of gravitation on positronium are used to look for new physics phenomena. In biological materials positronium decays are sensitive to the inter-and intra-molecular structure and to the metabolism of living organisms ranging from single cells to human beings. This leads to new ideas of positronium imaging in medicine using the fact that during positron emission tomography (PET) as much as 40% of positron annihilation occurs through the production of positronium atoms inside the patient's body. A new generation of the high sensitivity and multi-photon total-body PET systems opens perspectives for clinical applications of positronium as a biomarker of tissue pathology and the degree of tissue oxidation.

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Section: Positronium In the Standard Modelmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Photon Entanglement In Positronium Decaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positronium Physics and Biomedical Applications

Bass¹,

Mariazzi²,

Moskal³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Depending on imaging radionuclides and the detection system, the applied dose can vary from 37 kBq ( 125 I-biotin) ( Matsumoto et al, 2017 ) to 5–10 MBq ([ 111 In]DTPA) ( Lázaro-Ibáñez et al, 2021 ), 7 MBq ( 64 Cu-NOTA) ( Banerjee et al, 2019 ), 3.7 MBq ( 99m Tc) ( Son et al, 2020 ), 2 MBq ( 64 Cu-NOTA) ( Shi et al, 2019 ), and 0.2–1 89 Zr-PANC1 ( Khan et al, 2022 ) to track/image EVs using either SPECT or PET in a mouse. Radiovesicolomics may benefit also from the new multi-photon PET scanners ( Moskal et al, 2020 ; Moskal et al, 2021a ; Moskal et al, 2021b ; Moskal et al, 2021c ) which enable simultaneous multi-tracer imaging ( Moskal and Stępień, 2022 ) and hence studying simultaneously the kinetics of two different types of EVs by marking them with different isotopes.…”

Section: Radiovesicolomics—applications Of Evs In ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiovesicolomics-new approach in medical imaging

2022

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This review introduce extracellular vesicles (EVs) to a molecular imaging field. The idea of modern analyses based on the use of omics studies, using high-throughput methods to characterize the molecular content of a single biological system, vesicolomics seems to be the new approach to collect molecular data about EV content, to find novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets. The use of various imaging techniques, including those based on radionuclides as positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), combining molecular data on EVs, opens up the new space for radiovesicolomics—a new approach to be used in theranostics.

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“…Plastic scintillators are mainly composed of hydrocarbons, so the predom-inant medium for the interaction of photons within the scintillator is Compton scattering [3]. J-PET is designed and constructed as a multi-photon positron emission tomography scanner [27,28] capable of (i) standard PET imaging [26,29], and (ii) newly invented positronium imaging [30,31,32,33,34,35,36]. For the planned measurement, we propose to use the 3-layer prototype of J-PET, which consists of plastic scintillators of length 50 × 1.9 × 0.7 cm 3 read out at both ends by vacuum photomultipliers (see Fig.…”

Section: Jpet As Compton Polarimeter To Measure Relative Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoherence puzzle in measurements of photons originating from electron-positron annihilation

Sharma¹,

Kumar²,

Moskal³

2022

Preprint

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Entanglement of photons originating from the electron-positron annihilation has not been proven experimentally. Though the independent experiments performed so far unanimously confirm that correlation between the linear polarizations of back-to-back photons from the electron-positron annihilation is consistent with the assumption that these photons are entangled in polarization. Yet, unexpectedly, recent experiments differ as regards the correlation of polarization direction of back-to-back photons after the decoherence induced by scattering of one of these photons on the electron in the scattering material. In one of the experiments the correlation before and after the decoherence of the photon state is the same and in the other experiment the scattering of one photon leads to a significant decrease of this correlation. Here we discuss this puzzle. The separable states were ensured by forcing one of the annihilation photons through prior scattering before the Compton kinematics-based measurement of the polarization correlation. A comparison between the experimental setups used for the different measurements and the results obtained are briefly discussed, highlighting the parameters that are important for performing such measurements. Finally, the main features of the J-PET detector are presented with the schemes for performing similar measurements so that the results can be used as conclusive remarks for solving this puzzle. Solving of these puzzle will have crucial consequences for basic studies of entanglement and also for the proposed application of polarisation of photons in positron emission tomography. In case if the correlation of polarisation of back-to-back photons from the electron-positron annihilation is the same before and after the scattering of these photons, then it will not be useful for the reduction of the scatter fraction in PET diagnostics.

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Perspectives on translation of positronium imaging into clinics

Cited by 14 publications

References 55 publications

Positronium Physics and Biomedical Applications

Positronium Physics and Biomedical Applications

Radiovesicolomics-new approach in medical imaging

Decoherence puzzle in measurements of photons originating from electron-positron annihilation

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