Perspectives on the contributions of Michael Szwarc to living polymerization

Smid, Johannes; Beylen, Marcel Van; Hogen‐Esch, Thieo E.

doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.09.001

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…This behavior was originally explained by selective solvation of active species by butadiene; however, later, it was proposed that the crossover rate constant k SB for the reaction of PSLi with butadiene is much larger than the homopropagation rate constant k SS for the reaction of PSLi with styrene, whereas the rate constant for the addition of styrene to polybutadienyllithium (PBLi) is very small …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cationic copolymerization of racemic -β-butyrolactone with L,L-lactide: One-pot synthesis of block copolymers

Baśko

Duda

Kaźmierski

et al. 2013

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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Cationic copolymerization of racemic‐β‐butyrolactone (β‐BL) with l,l‐lactide (LA) initiated by alcohol and catalyzed by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid proceeding by activated monomer (AM) mechanism was investigated. Although both comonomers were present from the beginning in the reaction mixture, polymerization proceeded in sequential manner, with poly‐BL formed at the first stage acting as a macroinitiator for the subsequent polymerization of LA. Such course of copolymerization was confirmed by following the consumption of both comonomers throughout the process as well as by observing the changes of growing chain‐end structure using 1H NMR. 13C NMR analysis and thermogravimetry revealed the block structure of resulting copolymers. The proposed mechanism of copolymerization was confirmed by the studies of changes of 1H NMR chemical shift of acidic proton in the course of copolymerization, providing an indication that indeed protonated species and hydroxyl groups are present throughout the process, as required for AM mechanism. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 4873–4884

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cationic copolymerization of racemic -β-butyrolactone with L,L-lactide: One-pot synthesis of block copolymers

Baśko

Duda

Kaźmierski

et al. 2013

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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“…(i) Controlled polymerizations: One of the key polymerization reactions that has been developed over the past few decades is ATRP ( Figure 5), which at last enabled Michael Szwarc's brilliant living-polymerization paradigm to be realized in radical polymerization. [21,22] As Sawamoto has indicated in his publications, [23] the original version of ATRP is based on the Kharasch reaction. This is a very convenient radical reaction that can be used for the construction of smallmolecule ring systems.…”

Section: In Retrospect Were the Key Achievements Of Macromolecules Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quo Vadis, Macromolecular Science? Reflections by the IUPAC Polymer Division on the Occasion of the Staudinger Centenary

Abetz¹,

Chan

Luscombe

et al. 2020

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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We survey the past, present and future of polymers and macromolecular science, both in general and giving specific examples from our diverse array of research backgrounds within polymer science and technology. As befitting our common bond, we pay some attention to the role of IUPAC. In line with this being part of a Rosarium philosophorum, one might say we conclude that it is Citius, Altius, Fortius for polymers in the century ahead, by which we mean “faster engagement, higher value, stronger properties”, and one should also add “longer usage”. In this way our broad community will continue to build on the century that has passed since Hermann Staudinger launched macromolecular science.

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“…The most common of these materials is parylene-C, which was first discovered by Szwarc in 1947 and is suitable for a range of applications, including medical implants [27][28][29][30][31][32] . Parylene is deposited by selecting a raw dimer of the material and heating it to nearly 150°C.…”

Section: Precision In Harsh Environments P French Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision in harsh environments

2016

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Microsystems are increasingly being applied in harsh and/or inaccessible environments, but many markets expect the same level of functionality for long periods of time. Harsh environments cover areas that can be subjected to high temperature, (bio)-chemical and mechanical disturbances, electromagnetic noise, radiation, or high vacuum. In the field of actuators, the devices must maintain stringent accuracy specifications for displacement, force, and response times, among others. These new requirements present additional challenges in the compensation for or elimination of cross-sensitivities. Many state-of-the-art precision devices lose their precision and reliability when exposed to harsh environments. It is also important that advanced sensor and actuator systems maintain maximum autonomy such that the devices can operate independently with low maintenance. The next-generation microsystems will be deployed in remote and/or inaccessible and harsh environments that present many challenges to sensor design, materials, device functionality, and packaging. All of these aspects of integrated sensors and actuator microsystems require a multidisciplinary approach to overcome these challenges. The main areas of importance are in the fields of materials science, micro/nano-fabrication technology, device design, circuitry and systems, (first-level) packaging, and measurement strategy. This study examines the challenges presented by harsh environments and investigates the required approaches. Examples of successful devices are also given.

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Perspectives on the contributions of Michael Szwarc to living polymerization

Cited by 42 publications

References 96 publications

Cationic copolymerization of racemic -β-butyrolactone with L,L-lactide: One-pot synthesis of block copolymers

Cationic copolymerization of racemic -β-butyrolactone with L,L-lactide: One-pot synthesis of block copolymers

Quo Vadis, Macromolecular Science? Reflections by the IUPAC Polymer Division on the Occasion of the Staudinger Centenary

Precision in harsh environments

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