Perspectives on the basic and applied aspects of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) research

Liu, Degao; Palla, Kaitlin J.; Hu, Rongbin; Moseley, Robert C.; Mendoza, Christopher; Chen, Mei; Abraham, Paul E.; Labbé, Jessy; Kalluri, Udaya C.; Tschaplinski, Timothy J.; Cushman, John C.; Borland, Anne M.; Tuskan, Gerald A.; Yang, Xiaohan

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.012

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…9c). In such cases, small, sustained diurnal fluctuations in organic acids with essentially all of the CO 2 fixed into malate could be derived from internally recycled respiratory CO 2 (Liu et al 2018) or shuttled from the pseudobulb to the leaf, as proposed by Rodrigues et al (2013) in a organ-compartmented C 3 -CAM plasticity. Overall, this small, sustained diurnal fluctuations in organic acids might aid in preventing photoinhibition by maintaining photosystem stability (Osmond 1982; Adams and Osmond 1988; Lüttge 2004; Kerbauy et al 2012; Pikart et al 2018) when under severe stress from DRML conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CAM plasticity in epiphytic tropical orchid species responding to environmental stress

Tay

Yam

2019

Bot Stud

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Background: To counteract its dramatic species endangerment caused by extensive loss of habitat, Singapore is currently reintroducing into nature some of the native orchids to conserve and improve their germplasm. A main challenge of re-introduction is growing and establishing these plants under natural conditions, which are semi-arid with periodic drought. In this study, six native species were examined, of which three, Bulbophyllum vaginatum, Dendrobium leonis and Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi, are viewed as CAM species while the other three, Coelogyne rochussenii, Coelogyne mayeriana, and Bulbophyllum membranaceum are usually characterized as C 3 species. We aimed to compare their physiological responses to drought under two different light conditions: (1) moderate light (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD of 900 μmol m −2 s −1) and (2) low light (PPFD < 100 μmol m −2 s −1). Results: After 7 weeks of drought under moderate light (DRML), photosynthetic light utilization was reduced in all six species, and relative water content (RWC) in leaves decreased to < 50% in CAM orchids, compared to > 50% in C 3 species, while RWC in pseudobulbs (produced by 4 of the species) fell to < 50%. Both effects were reversed after 14 weeks of re-watering. Proline concentration in leaves increased in the CAM orchids and B. membranaceum (60-130 µmol g −1 FW), and CAM acidity increased (0.2 to 0.8 mmol H + /g fresh weight) in leaves and pseudobulbs of most species including C 3 orchids after 7 weeks of DRML, but to lesser extent in B. membranaceum. Conclusion: In the six native orchid species tested, osmoregulation by proline and CAM expression were adaptive responses to maintain photosynthesis under drought stress. Expression of CAM is a significant adaptive mechanism to drought in both C 3 and CAM orchids. For C 3 B. membranaceum, this CAM activity is best described as 'CAM-idling'. We propose that any future work in understanding adaptive responses in Singapore's native epiphytic orchids to periodic water deficit should also analyse the significance of CAM plasticity on water conservation within the plant and the regulation of CAM by prevailing water status and light intensity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CAM plasticity in epiphytic tropical orchid species responding to environmental stress

Tay

Yam

2019

Bot Stud

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“…Recently, knock-down and knock-out mutant lines were generated for some CAM-related genes using RNA interference (RNAi) (Boxall et al, 2017(Boxall et al, , 2020 or genome-editing mediated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) (Liu et al, 2019). Multi-scale modeling of CAM systems at the molecular, cellular, and leaf level is needed to gain a deep understanding of gene and metabolic networks associated with CAM physiology (Liu et al, 2018). In the future, multi-omics (i.e., genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics) data will need to be generated for CAM plant species and their mutant lines for constructing gene and metabolic networks relevant to CAM.…”

Section: Identification Of Cam-related Genes Using Systems Biology Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology in Relation to Drought Tolerance or Avoidance in Plants

et al. 2020

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Drought stress has been a long-time limitation to crop production that is being exacerbated by climate change and associated reductions in the availability of blue water resources for agriculture. Most existing food and industrial crops are susceptible to drought stress, which can cause a significant loss in crop yield. Therefore, our ability to develop more climate-resilient crops that are more heat and drought tolerant will become increasingly important in the near future. In nature, plants have evolved two important mechanisms to overcome the effects of drought stress:(1) drought avoidance, which enables plants to maintain relatively high tissue water content in water-limited environments by minimizing water loss and optimizing water uptake, and (2) drought tolerance, which enables plants to endure low tissue water content by maintaining cell turgor (resulting from osmotic adjustment and cellular elasticity) and increasing protoplasmic resistance (Basu et al., 2016). With more and more genomics resources available for diverse plant lineages showing contrasting strategies and variation in drought avoidance or tolerance (Yin et al., 2014;Abraham et al., 2016;Yang et al., 2017;Chen et al., 2018), systems biology, which features genome-scale analysis of molecules and their interactions (Westerhoff and Palsson, 2004), is becoming a popular approach to link genes to drought-avoidance or drought-tolerance traits. Our knowledge about the genes associated with drought stress responses generated by systems biology research can inform the construction of libraries of biological parts for synthetic biology, which aims to design or re-design biological processes (Cook et al., 2014). Synthetic biology has great potential for creating genetically-modified plants with enhanced drought avoidance or tolerance De Paoli et al., 2014;Llorente et al., 2018). This Research Topic features three articles on the theme of systems biology of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) as a model strategy for plant adaptation to water-limited conditions and four articles related to genetic improvement of plant drought avoidance or tolerance using synthetic biology and genetic engineering approaches.

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“…Physiologically, the forage cactus has CAM metabolism (Crassulacean Acid Metabilism), which consists in the high adaptability to the arid and semiarid zones, allowing the plants to survive extreme heat, low temperatures and intense droughts due to their high efficiency in water use (Melgar et al, 2017). Plants equipped with this mechanism have higher efficiency with fixed CO2 per unit of water lost, approximately 3 and 6 times, when compared with photosynthetic plants C4 and C3, respectively (Liu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Forage Cactus and Its Usage In The Semiaridmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CAM plants consist of the night opening of the stomata for CO2 fixation, where air temperatures are milder and the humidity is more elevated when compared to daytime, the fixed CO2 is converted into malate by means of biochemical processes and stored in the vacuoles in the form of malic acid. During the daytime period occurs the process of decarboxylation of the malic acid to the CO2 for its use in the photosynthetic processes, remaining with the stomata partially closed, avoiding water loss by transpiration (Souza Filho et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Forage Cactus and Its Usage In The Semiaridmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of agrometeorological techniques contributes to the agricultural resilience of forage cactus: A review

Alves¹,

Jardim²,

Souza³

et al. 2018

Amaz. Jour. of Plant Resear.

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The Brazilian semi-arid is an area that has a strong influence on climatic factors and agricultural vulnerability, which govern the availability and supply of fodder. The understanding of the limitations and the alternatives to be adopted, aid in the improvement of the systems of production of fodder and an increase in the benefits of the system. In this review, we sought to address agrometeorological aspects and agronomic techniques aimed at improving resilience in forage cactus production systems under different cropping systems in arid and semi-arid environments through information on the stability of the plant population contributing to reducing the risk environmental degradation and production losses.

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Perspectives on the basic and applied aspects of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) research

Cited by 22 publications

References 80 publications

CAM plasticity in epiphytic tropical orchid species responding to environmental stress

CAM plasticity in epiphytic tropical orchid species responding to environmental stress

Editorial: Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology in Relation to Drought Tolerance or Avoidance in Plants

The application of agrometeorological techniques contributes to the agricultural resilience of forage cactus: A review

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