Perspectives on Neighborhood and Community: A Review of the Literature

Chaskin, Robert J.

doi:10.1086/604277

Cited by 225 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…v i This lack of clarity is of course not only a problem with the term walkability. Other reviews have found similar problems with the terms "community," "culture," and "neighborhood" in sociology and "suburbs" within urban studies (Hillery 1955;Williams 1976;Chaskin 1997;Forsyth 2012).…”

Section: Final Thoughtsmentioning

confidence: 87%

What is a walkable place? The walkability debate in urban design

2015

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What exactly is meant by the term "walkability"? In professional, research, and public debates the term is used to refer to several quite different kinds of phenomena. Some discussions focus on environmental features or means of making walkable environments, including areas being traversable, compact, physically-enticing, and safe. Others deal with outcomes potentially fostered by such environments, such as making places lively, enhancing sustainable transportation options, and inducing exercise. Finally some use the term walkability as a proxy for better design whether composed of multiple, measurable dimensions or providing a holistic solution to urban problems. This review both problematizes the idea of walkability and proposes a conceptual framework distinguishing these definitions. This matters for urban design, because what is considered a walkable place varies substantially between definitions leading to substantially different designs. By mapping the range of definitions, this review highlights potential conflicts been forms of walkability.

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Section: Final Thoughtsmentioning

confidence: 87%

What is a walkable place? The walkability debate in urban design

2015

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“…Family and peer networks are key to individuals' community involvement and to the exchange of information and support, especially among low-income African-American women (Agada, 1999;Barker, Morrow, & Mitteness, 1998;Chaskin, 1997;Metoyer-Duran, 1993;Stack, 1974;Uehara, 1990). It is also recognized that informal collaboration and social exchange with peers helps in learning how to use information technologies (Agre, 1997;Benton Foundation, 1996;Twidale, Nichols, & Paice, 1997).…”

Section: Gaining Active Participation Of Low-income Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Libraries and Networked Information Services in Low-Income Communities

Bishop

Tidline

Shoemaker

et al. 1999

Library & Information Science Research

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This article presents findings from an empirical study of community information exchange and computer access and use among low-income, predominantly African-American residents in one locale. Data were collected through household interviews, focus groups, and surveys. Results indicate that, while computer use is minimal, many low-income community members are poised to participate in the local development of networked information services. The article emphasizes appropriate roles for public libraries in community-wide efforts to bridge the digital divide that cuts computer use along socioeconomic lines.With decreased costs of basic computing technology and recent federal emphasis on supporting universal telecommunications service, a growing number of public libraries can play a key role in addressing the "digital divide" that separates users of networked information services in their communities along socioeconomic lines. Primary components of networked information services that target disenfranchised local groups include the creation of online local content, the establishment of public access computing sites, and the delivery of outreach, training, and support. Libraries, however, are faced with entrenched difficulties in their attempts to reduce the access and use barriers associated with the provision of networked information services to disenfranchised groups. One difficulty lies in knowing how to collaborate effectively with other community-based institutions in developing digital information content and services. Another is achieving a rich understanding of the social context surrounding the use of networked information services, especially for traditionally underserved segments of society. This understanding is a necessary prelude to another critical form of collaboration for public libraries: working with members of target groups in the co-creation of networked information services at the local level.

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“…A number of studies report an association between self-rated health and the neighborhood's physical and social environment 10,11,12 . Conceptually, the neighborhood should be understood in its physical and social dimensions as a place where people live and interact socially 13,14 . There are different strategies to characterize a neighborhood, such as using administrative units, systematic social observation, or a geographic information system 14,15,16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%