Perspectives on Manufacturing Automation Under the Digital and Cyber Convergence

Abstract

The evolution of industrial automation has been divided into four or five main cycles of Bindustrial revolutions,^also called Bdisruptive innovations^and Bautomation revolutions.^The most recent one, started around the 1990s and still ongoing, points to the current perspectives envisioned for the twenty-first century and perhaps even beyond. In practice, however, it is difficult to comprehend the real value and impacts by the so called Digital Manufacturing, Smart Factory, Automation 5.0, or Industry 4.0. Furthermore, with frequent and rapid innovations, it is unclear how the emerging digital, smart, and cyber-augmented factories of the future can benefit from the digital and cyber convergence. Which are the dominant factors that motivate and justify the evolution of manufacturing through this current cycle? In this article, we review the relationships between digital, virtual, and cyber convergence, and recent manufacturing engineering challenges ranging from virtual enterprises to collaborative e-Manufacturing, and service orientation. We then point out new perspectives and opportunities for design and re-arrangement in production, highlighting the trend of fusion between knowledge, product, process, and service. The impact on methods of analysis, informatics, collaborative intelligence, and design of industrial systems is also analyzed under the new trends and achievements so far in digital and cyber convergence. With several case studies, we also illustrate the emerging challenges.

Towards a Formal Design to Service-Oriented Cloud Manufacturing

“…Nevertheless, CMfg presupposes a manufacturing process being transformed into a network of collaborative services available in the cloud and associated with a product and respective supply chain. In this context, MAAS (manufacturing-as-a-service) proposal follow current demands pushed by digital convergence and by the need to converge towards a better equilibrium in the use of energy by manufacturing facilities (Nof and Silva, 2018), while still attached to the conventional concept of a product, and consequently, to its detached relationship with consumers. The impacts caused by the introduction of cloud manufacturing have been studied since the beginning of this decade.…”

“…Layered schema for PSA design. Source:Nof and Silva (2018) 4. PROPOSITION OF A CLOUD-BASED FRAMEWORK TO THE DESIGN OF CMFGSNof and Silva…”

Simulação Numérica E Física Na Soldagem Dos Aços Inoxidáveis Duplex: Uma Revisão Sistemática.

“…A simulação da zona termicamente afetada (ZTA) é capaz de reproduzir os ciclos térmicos a partir da escolha de modelos de fluxo de calor. O ciclo térmico pode ser obtido por meio de soldas reais registrados por termopares, ou através da aquisição de dados gerados por um simulador computacional como, por exemplo, o Simufact Welding [15][16][17].…”

“…A etapa mais crítica em uma simulação de soldagem é a escolha dos parâmetros de trabalho e das condições de contorno. Estes parâmetros devem ser compatíveis com a solda real e necessitam garantir repetibilidade e qualidade em um processo de simulação [14][15][16][17]. No contexto atual da manufatura digital sustentada pela Indústria 4.0, o uso de simulações se tornou essencial na virtualização da produção [15,16].…”

“…Estes parâmetros devem ser compatíveis com a solda real e necessitam garantir repetibilidade e qualidade em um processo de simulação [14][15][16][17]. No contexto atual da manufatura digital sustentada pela Indústria 4.0, o uso de simulações se tornou essencial na virtualização da produção [15,16]. O emprego de simuladores termomecânicos, como a Gleeble ® , e numéricos em experimentos, tem se tornado essenciais para a otimização dos processos de soldagem [17,18].…”