“…Unfortunately, men who are on renal dialysis often struggle to live up to the cultural standards of a “real man” suggesting that mental health problems may ensue ( Chironda & Bhengu, 2019 ). For instance, compromised masculinity secondary to poor sexual performance and diminished social roles are commonplace in men on ESDR ( Burns & Mahalik, 2008 ; Diaz-Medina, & Mercado-Martinez, 2019 ; Kerklaan, et al, 2020 ; Rees et al, 2018 ). While there exists a number of studies on the impact of ESRD on African American men in the United States of America, including diminished masculinity ( Burns & Mahalik, 2008 ; Evans et al., 2011 ; Golestaneh et al, 2021 ; Sanders, 2020 ), very few such investigations have been on men in the African continent ( Agaba et al, 2017 ; Govender, 2012 ).…”