Perspectives on Depression, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Cognitive Decline

Steffens, David C.; Otey, Emeline; Alexopoulos, George S.; Butters, Meryl A.; Cuthbert, Bruce N.; Ganguli, Mary; Geda, Yonas E.; Hendrie, Hugh C.; Krishnan, Ranga; Kumar, Anand; López, Oscar L.; Lyketsos, Constantine G.; Mast, Benjamin T.; Morris, John C.; Norton, Maria C.; Peavy, Guerry M.; Petersen, Ronald C.; Reynolds, Charles F.; Salloway, Stephen; Welsh‐Bohmer, Kathleen A.; Yesavage, Jerome A.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.2.130

Cited by 242 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…The strengths of the present study were : the large sample size ; the long follow-up period of up to 10 years ; the high follow-up rate ; and the broad inclusion criteria for MCI in which mild depressive symptomatology was not excluded at baseline, in accordance with current recommendations (Steffens et al 2006). The limitations of the study were : the relatively small number of subjects with a 10-year follow-up, and the lack of pathological confirmation of the clinical diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Affective symptoms as predictors of Alzheimer's disease in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a 10-year follow-up study

et al. 2009

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Background. Affective symptoms are common in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but there is disagreement whether these symptoms are predictive for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the predictive accuracy of affective symptoms for AD during a follow-up study in subjects with MCI, and whether the predictive accuracy was modified by age, the presence of amnestic MCI or the length of follow-up.Method. Newly referred subjects (n=263) with MCI older than 55 years were selected from a memory clinic and followed up after 2, 5 and 10 years. Predictors investigated were : symptoms of depression, anxiety, apathy and sleeping problems.Results. Affective symptoms were present in 50-70 % of the subjects. The average follow-up period was 5.4 years and 79 subjects (29 %) developed AD. Sleeping problems were associated with a decreased risk for AD [odds ratio (OR) 0.35, p<0.001]. Symptoms of depression (OR 0.61, p=0.059) and anxiety (OR 0.58, p=0.051) showed a trend in the same direction. The OR of apathy for AD was 0.67 (p=0.14). Depression was associated with a decreased risk for AD only in subjects without amnestic MCI, but not in subjects with amnestic MCI. Moreover, anxiety was related to the risk for AD differently between subjects diagnosed with AD at the 5-year follow-up (OR 0.23) and subjects diagnosed with AD at the 10-year follow-up (OR 1.7).Conclusions. Affective symptoms are associated with a decreased risk for AD. The risk may be dependent on MCI subtype or length of follow-up, but it does not depend on age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been several hypotheses regarding the relationship between depression, MCI and AD (Steffens et al 2006 ;Wilson et al 2008). One hypothesis proposes that depressive symptoms contribute to the development of AD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affective symptoms as predictors of Alzheimer's disease in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a 10-year follow-up study

et al. 2009

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“…The quantitative measures included performance-based tasks similar to those that participants complete in their everyday activities. These measures are not only related to cognition, but also predict subsequent decline (Pérès et al 2008;Steffens et al 2006). The far transfer measures were categorized as self-report (qualitative) or performance-based (quantitative).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Commercially Available Computerized Cognitive Training Among Older Adults

Tetlow

Edwards

2017

J Cogn Enhanc

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Researchers have explored a variety of interventions to improve cognition among older adults. One of which is computerized cognitive training programs. The number of commercially available, cognitive training programs has increased greatly, but scientists debate their value. The purposes of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis were to (1) evaluate the efficacy of commercially available, computerized cognitive training programs to improve cognition in older adults and (2) examine far transfer of training to untrained tasks relevant to everyday functioning. Articles were reviewed if the study (a) included a sample of adults aged 55 and older, (b) used a commercially available, computerized cognitive training program, (c) was a randomized controlled trial, (d) measured cognition as an outcome, and (e) included a sample that was free from health conditions affecting cognitive function (e.g., cancer, stroke, psychiatric conditions, or traumatic brain injury). Effect sizes were calculated using random effect models to determine cognitive training effects for various cognitive domains and far transfer tasks. There were significant small to medium training effects for the cognitive domains of attention (d = 0.651, p < .001), processing speed (d = 0.294, p = .002), and visuospatial memory (d = 0.252, p = 0.016). There was also evidence of far transfer to selfreported measures of everyday function (d = 0.277, p < 0.001). Commercially available computerized cognitive training programs may improve certain cognitive abilities among older adults, who also report improvement on tasks relevant to their everyday lives.

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“…Studies of elderly depressed patients have repeatedly suggested a potential involvement of the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe structures, such as the hippocampus, in the disorder (for review see Alexopoulos et al, 2005;Steffens et al, 2006). In a subset of elderly depressed patients with major depression, the first episode occurs late in life (Alexopoulos et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Callosal Morphology in Early- and Late-Onset Elderly Depression: An Index of Distinct Changes in Cortical Connectivity

Ballmaier

Kumar

Elderkin‐Thompson

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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There is some evidence of corpus callosum abnormalities in elderly depression, but it is not known whether these deficits are regionspecific or differ based on age at onset of depression. Twenty-four patients with early-onset depression (mean age ¼ 68.00, SD75.83), 22 patients with late-onset depression (mean age ¼ 74.50, SD78.09) and 34 elderly control subjects (mean age ¼ 72.38; SD76.93) were studied. Using 3D MRI data, novel mesh-based geometrical modeling methods were applied to compare the midsagittal thickness of the corpus callosum at high spatial resolution between groups. Neuropsychological correlates of midsagittal callosal area differences were additionally investigated in a subsample of subjects. Depressed patients exhibited significant callosal thinning in the genu and splenium compared to controls. Significant callosal thinning was restricted to the genu in early-onset patients, but patients with late-onset depression exhibited significant callosal thinning in both the genu and splenium relative to controls. The splenium of the corpus callosum was also significantly thinner in subjects with late-vs early-onset depression. Genu and splenium midsagittal areas significantly correlated with memory and attention functioning among late-onset depressed patients, but not early-onset depressed patients or controls. Circumscribed structural alterations in callosal morphology may distinguish late-from early-onset depression in the elderly. These findings suggest distinct abnormalities of cortical connectivity in late-and early-onset elderly depression with possible influence on the course of illness. Patients with a late onset of depression may be at higher risk of illness progression and eventually dementia conversion than earlyonset depression, with potentially important implications for research and therapy.

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Perspectives on Depression, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Cognitive Decline

Cited by 242 publications

References 136 publications

Affective symptoms as predictors of Alzheimer's disease in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a 10-year follow-up study

Affective symptoms as predictors of Alzheimer's disease in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a 10-year follow-up study

Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Commercially Available Computerized Cognitive Training Among Older Adults

Mapping Callosal Morphology in Early- and Late-Onset Elderly Depression: An Index of Distinct Changes in Cortical Connectivity

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