Perspectives on Challenges in Cannabis Drug Delivery Systems: Where Are We?

Palrasu, Manikandan; Wright, Lillianne H.; Patel, Manish R.; Leech, Lindsey; Branch, Scotty; Harrelson, Shea; Khan, Saeed R.

doi:10.1159/000525629

Cited by 14 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(197 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, rigorous pharmacokinetic studies in animals and humans are essential to optimise dosing strategies to understand α -humuleneʼs therapeutic potential 68 . Strategies to enhance α -humuleneʼs bioavailability, such as formulations that improve solubility and stability, could significantly enhance its clinical utility 69 . There is one pilot study currently underway seeking to explore the effects of α -humulene on stress when combined with forest bathing, for which the results will be eagerly awaited 70 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clinical Translation of α-humulene – A Scoping Review

Dalavaye,

Nicholas,

Pillai

et al. 2024

Planta Med

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α-humulene, a sesquiterpene found in essential oils of various plant species, has garnered interest due to its potential therapeutic applications. This scoping review aims to consolidate α-humulene's evidence base, informing clinical translation and guiding future research directions. A scoping review was conducted of EMBASE, MEDLINE and PubMed databases up to 14th July 2023. All studies describing original research on α-humulene extraction, pre-clinical and clinical research were included for review. Three-hundred and forty articles were analyzed. α-humulene yields ranged from negligible to 60.90% across plant species. In vitro experiments demonstrated cytotoxicity against adenocarcinomas (such as colorectal, pulmonary, breast, prostatic, lung, and ovarian), with varying responses in other cell models Mechanistic insights revealed its involvement in mitochondrial dysfunction, diminished intracellular glutathione levels, and the induction of oxidative stress. In rodent studies, oral administration of α-humulene at 50 mg/kg reduced inflammation markers in paw edema and ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation. Intraperitoneal administration of α-humulene (50-200 mg/kg) exhibited cannabimimetic properties through cannabinoid 1 and adenosine A2a receptors. α-humulene also exhibited a multitude of properties with potential scope for therapeutic utilization. However, there is a paucity of studies which have successfully translated this research into clinical populations with the associated disease. Potential barriers to clinical translation were identified, including yield variability, limited isolation studies, and challenges associated with terpene bioavailability. Consequently, rigorous pharmacokinetic studies and further mechanistic investigations are warranted to effectively uncover the potential of α-humulene.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clinical Translation of α-humulene – A Scoping Review

Dalavaye,

Nicholas,

Pillai

et al. 2024

Planta Med

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“…The need to study drug delivery systems aims to maximize therapeutic efficacy or minimize side effects by impacting the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of a drug compound [ 123 ]. The elaboration of an edible delivery system for active bio compounds is challenging due to the differences in solubility, bioavailability, and potential for novel food and pharmaceutical applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Other Health Effects of Dragon Fruit and Potential Delivery Systems for Its Bioactive Compounds

et al. 2023

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Dragon fruit (Hylocereus genus) has the potential for the prevention of diseases associated with inflammatory and oxidative processes. We aimed to comprehensively review dragon fruit health effects, economic importance, and possible use in delivery systems. Pubmed, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched, and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines were followed. Studies have shown that pitaya can exert several benefits in conditions such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer due to the presence of bioactive compounds that may include vitamins, potassium, betacyanin, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, and gallic acid. Moreover, pitaya has the potential to be used in food and nutraceutical products as functional ingredients, natural colorants, ecologically correct and active packaging, edible films, preparation of photoprotective products, and additives. Besides the importance of dragon fruit as a source of bioactive compounds, the bioavailability is low. The development of delivery systems such as gold nanoparticles with these compounds can be an alternative to reach target tissues.

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“…Low dosages of ∆9-THC likely produce conditioned rewarding effects, whereas higher levels produce conditioned aversive effects [ 110 ]. Research on the endocannabinoid system’s control of food intake found that high dosages of cannabinoids showed orexigenic (appetite stimulant) effects, whereas low doses had anorexigenic (loss of appetite) effects [ 111 ].…”

Section: Individuality Of Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

An Individuality of Response to Cannabinoids: Challenges in Safety and Efficacy of Cannabis Products

Kitdumrongthum

Trachootham

2023

Molecules

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Since legalization, cannabis/marijuana has been gaining considerable attention as a functional ingredient in food. ∆-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and other cannabinoids are key bioactive compounds with health benefits. The oral consumption of cannabis transports much less hazardous chemicals than smoking. Nevertheless, the response to cannabis is biphasically dose-dependent (hormesis; a low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition) with wide individuality in responses. Thus, the exact same dose and preparation of cannabis may be beneficial for some but toxic to others. The purpose of this review is to highlight the concept of individual variations in response to cannabinoids, which leads to the challenge of establishing standard safe doses of cannabis products for the general population. The mechanisms of actions, acute and chronic toxicities, and factors affecting responses to cannabis products are updated. Based on the literature review, we found that the response to cannabis products depends on exposure factors (delivery route, duration, frequency, and interactions with food and drugs), individual factors (age, sex), and susceptibility factors (genetic polymorphisms of cannabinoid receptor gene, N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing enzymes, THC-metabolizing enzymes, and epigenetic regulations). Owing to the individuality of responses, the safest way to use cannabis-containing food products is to start low, go slow, and stay low.

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Perspectives on Challenges in Cannabis Drug Delivery Systems: Where Are We?

Cited by 14 publications

References 118 publications

The Clinical Translation of α-humulene – A Scoping Review

The Clinical Translation of α-humulene – A Scoping Review

Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Other Health Effects of Dragon Fruit and Potential Delivery Systems for Its Bioactive Compounds

An Individuality of Response to Cannabinoids: Challenges in Safety and Efficacy of Cannabis Products

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