Perspectives on additives for polymers. Part 2. Aspects of photostabilization and role of fillers and pigments

Allen, Norman S.; Edge, Michèle

doi:10.1002/vnl.21810

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(185 reference statements)

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“…Because oxygenated groups produced during processing or usage greatly accelerate the deterioration of plastics, these processes are often far more severe than in virgin polymers. [159,160] The final characteristics of secondary materials are severely harmed as a result of this. Whatever the end use of polymer recycled materials, additives play a critical role in polymer manufacture, acting as processing aids during shaping, and ensuring the completed items' longterm performance.…”

Section: Role Of Additives In Thermoplastics Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable recycling technologies for thermoplastic polymers and their composites: A review of the state of the art

et al. 2022

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This review article discusses the environmental and economic effects of recycling, as well as sustainable thermoplastic polymer recycling technologies. Several researchers have utilized recycled thermoplastics as matrices in the production of a variety of natural and synthetic‐based composites, which is also the focus of this study. All of the industries (food and packaging, construction and building, transportation, and indoor usage) where recycled thermoplastics have a large market share (food and packaging, construction and building, transportation, and indoor usage) are covered in this review. The desirable properties of thermoplastic polymers, such as corrosion resistance, low density, and user‐friendliness, have caused plastic production to surpass aluminum and other metals in use over the past 60 years. Furthermore, recycling is one of the most important measures available to mitigate these effects and is one of the most dynamic segments of the plastics industry at present. Increased landfilling and incineration of plastics have a negative impact on the ecosystem, and the continued increase in the production of virgin fossil plastic also has a negative impact on the environment. Consequently, this continuous production could lead to the depletion of fossil fuel resources, an increase in environmental emissions during processing, and eventual incineration. Increasing numbers of nations are adopting the circular economy concept in an effort to avoid all of these problems. This concept emphasizes the reuse of products and resources, as well as the recycling of materials according to the waste hierarchy, rather than their cremation or disposal in the environment.

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Section: Role Of Additives In Thermoplastics Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable recycling technologies for thermoplastic polymers and their composites: A review of the state of the art

et al. 2022

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“…Moreover, additive interactions are a major contributor to a polymer's end‐use performance. Recently, Allen et al [ 11,12 ] listed an array of important additives used in a polymeric system and explained their working mechanism. As AM continues to evolve and grow into high‐performance areas, the requirements on the material systems being processed will continue to expand, and the role of additives in these materials will continue to grow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status and future roles of additives in 3D printing—A perspective

Thompson

2022

Vinyl Additive Technology

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3D printing has evolved quickly from rapid prototyping to true mass production. This is reflected in the use of the term additive manufacturing (AM) to emphasize the use of the technology in actual manufacturing of high‐value products and finished goods. Consequentially, the requirements on the materials and processes have become more stringent and challenging to satisfy. Furthermore, various manufacturing industries have their own unique sets of requirements, and these are difficult if not impossible to satisfy with neat polymers alone. Therefore, additives are playing an increasingly critical role for satisfying material requirements for AM applications. In this article, challenges are identified that will need to be addressed as AM matures toward manufacturing applications. These include speed of production, mechanical performance and durability of the products, their interaction with the environment, and readiness for manufacturing. The use of additives to overcome these challenges is discussed in terms of current trends and with the help of specific examples. These include, but are not limited to, reinforcements, thermal stabilizers, antioxidants, and flame retardants to improve performance and meet thermal, environmental, and flammability requirements in demanding applications like aerospace, defense, and automotive. Further, colors, pigments, and dyes are needed for aesthetics. Bioactive or bioinert materials are needed for specific medical applications, and electrically dissipative or thermally conductive materials are often needed for electronics applications. This article provides a critical look at the current state of AM and how the roles of additives in AM are expected to expand, including identification of future opportunities.

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“…[4] A variety of additives is compounded with polymers used for thermoforming. These can include antioxidants, lubricants, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, nucleating agents, colorants, antistatic agents, antiblocking agents, and slip agents, [5][6][7][8] and these can influence the quality of the thermoformed part. It is also common to add materials that modify the physical properties of the polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of additives in influencing heating and melting of polymers during thermoforming

Garapati

Gupta

2022

Vinyl Additive Technology

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The heating stage in thermoforming of amorphous and semi‐crystalline polymers was analyzed for constant heat flux conditions using an energy balance model; candidate polymers were high impact polystyrene and isotactic polypropylene. Using an analytical solution, temperature differences as large as 100°C were predicted to arise between the surface and the interior of the sheet being thermoformed for conditions chosen in this work, and these can limit the heat flux being used. A Matlab program was used to compute temperature and crystallinity profiles for crystal melting. Melting took almost as much time as required to heat the surface of the film to the crystal melting point. High thermal conductivity additives, such as calcium carbonate and graphene, can provide temperature uniformity, and the additive uniformity can be verified using thermogravimetric analysis. The ability of these additives to provide temperature uniformity and to reduce energy consumption and heating time is determined in a quantitative manner. Both additives improve heat transfer, and, at the same added volume fraction, graphene is more effective. However, calcium carbonate has a lower cost. The role of density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and amount of the polymers and additives in influencing temperature and crystallinity profiles was explored, and methods of carrying out thermoforming in an energy efficient manner are proposed.

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Perspectives on additives for polymers. Part 2. Aspects of photostabilization and role of fillers and pigments

Cited by 27 publications

References 84 publications

Sustainable recycling technologies for thermoplastic polymers and their composites: A review of the state of the art

Sustainable recycling technologies for thermoplastic polymers and their composites: A review of the state of the art

Current status and future roles of additives in 3D printing—A perspective

Role of additives in influencing heating and melting of polymers during thermoforming

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