“…Human behavior can be influenced by both individual characteristics and environmental/situational factors (Nickerson, 2022). Therefore, social behavior occurs because of the interaction between the individual and the environment (Jeon et al, 2022). Cancer patients in the lonely group reported higher levels of social isolation (Miaskowski et al, 2021), as well as more severe symptoms of anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, cognitive dysfunction, and pain (Al Maqbali, 2021; M.…”