Perspectives of Osteopathic Medical Students on Preclinical Urology Exposure: A Single Institution Cross Sectional Survey

Abstract

Context: There is an increasing number of medical school graduates opting for surgical specialties and the osteopathic applicant match rate for urology is estimated to be lower than that of allopathic applicants. Factors influencing this may include a lack of interest, perceived challenges in matching into urology, insufficient urology mentorship, limited research opportunities, and inadequate osteopathic representation in urology. Objective: To assess osteopathic medical students' perspectives on pursuing urology and enhancing preclinical exposure to and knowledge of urology. Methods: A 20-question survey addressing experiences and the factors influencing osteopathic medical students' specialty selection and their interest in and perception of urology was designed by the investigators on Research Electronic Data Capture software. This survey was distributed via email listserv to all current osteopathic medical students attending Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine over two months. Responses were collected and analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Results: Of 150 respondents, 91% found mentors crucial in selecting a medical specialty, 95% emphasized the importance of early exposure, and 68% lacked familiarity with urology, with more M1 students unfamiliar compared to M2 (70.37% vs. 59.02%). A larger proportion of combined M1 and M2 (preclinical) students are considering urology as a specialty compared to M3 and M4 (clinical) students who are actively on rotations (56.52% vs. 28.57%; p = 0.0064). Also, a greater percentage of males are considering urology compared to females (64.15% vs. 42.71%; p = 0.0164). Among those considering urology (n = 75), 57.3% lack awareness of urology's scope, and 84% report no preclinical discussions with urologists. Those students who report they are considering urology value early exposure significantly more than others (98.67% vs. 78.67%; p = 0.0001). They also express greater interest in having a core urology course (73.33% vs. 38.67%; p < 0.0001). More urology considering students are interested in extracurricular urology-related workshops, seminars, or conferences (61.33% vs. 17.33%; p < 0.0001). Students who are considering urology as a specialty show greater interest in having a mentorship program (85.33% vs. 28%; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Results suggested that increased urology exposure during the preclinical years is important. Urology elective offerings and urology mentorship are of high interest among those considering urology. However, additional investigation is needed to determine the impact of preclinical urology curricula implementation on urology match outcomes.