Abstract:Background
Nurturing parents raise children in an engaged, flexible, emotionally expressive and supportive manner, which is associated with positive outcomes for children. While parenting research within the South African context is increasing, there is a lack of focus on nurturance within the parent–child relationship. Thus, this study sought to explore how parents nurture their children in resource‐constrained environments in South Africa.
Method
A qualitative approach with an exploratory research design was… Show more
“…The literature points to nursing care and peer support as potential factors protecting from developing depression. 41,42 We did not consider these variables. However, this field of research on children with CKD might prove vital.…”
Background.Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience a lot of mental and emotional stress, which can lead to the development of depressive disorders. The prevalence of depressive disorders in CKD children is estimated to be between 7% and 35%.Objectives. The aim of our study was to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of depression and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with CKD treated conservatively.
Materials and methods.The cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted in 73 CKD children aged 8-18 and in 92 of their parents. To assess the mental wellbeing of CKD children, Kovacs's Children's Depression Inventory 2 (CDI2) was used as CDI2: Self-Report and CDI2: Parent Form.Results. The majority of CKD children acquired medium scores in CDI2, 11% of participants reported symptoms suggesting depressive disorder, and among them 8.2% met the criteria for depression. A significant relationship was found between age and interpersonal problems, age at CKD diagnosis, and total score and ineffectiveness, CKD duration and total score/emotional problems. Depressive symptoms were associated with the stage of CKD, and they differed significantly between stages III and IV. We noticed the child-parent disagreement on reported depressive symptoms. Parents perceive their children's mental state as worse than the children themselves.
Conclusions.There is a problem of depression in children with CKD treated conservatively. Variables associated with depressive symptoms in CKD children treated conservatively require further study. Key factors predisposing to the development of depression seem to be age at the time of diagnosis, disease duration, and progression of CKD from stage III to IV. Disparities between depressive symptoms self-reported by CKD children and their parents' assessment require further analysis. However, these disparaties indicate that the final diagnosis of the occurrence of depressive disorders should be based on a multidimensional assessment of the patient's situation.
“…The literature points to nursing care and peer support as potential factors protecting from developing depression. 41,42 We did not consider these variables. However, this field of research on children with CKD might prove vital.…”
Background.Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience a lot of mental and emotional stress, which can lead to the development of depressive disorders. The prevalence of depressive disorders in CKD children is estimated to be between 7% and 35%.Objectives. The aim of our study was to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of depression and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with CKD treated conservatively.
Materials and methods.The cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted in 73 CKD children aged 8-18 and in 92 of their parents. To assess the mental wellbeing of CKD children, Kovacs's Children's Depression Inventory 2 (CDI2) was used as CDI2: Self-Report and CDI2: Parent Form.Results. The majority of CKD children acquired medium scores in CDI2, 11% of participants reported symptoms suggesting depressive disorder, and among them 8.2% met the criteria for depression. A significant relationship was found between age and interpersonal problems, age at CKD diagnosis, and total score and ineffectiveness, CKD duration and total score/emotional problems. Depressive symptoms were associated with the stage of CKD, and they differed significantly between stages III and IV. We noticed the child-parent disagreement on reported depressive symptoms. Parents perceive their children's mental state as worse than the children themselves.
Conclusions.There is a problem of depression in children with CKD treated conservatively. Variables associated with depressive symptoms in CKD children treated conservatively require further study. Key factors predisposing to the development of depression seem to be age at the time of diagnosis, disease duration, and progression of CKD from stage III to IV. Disparities between depressive symptoms self-reported by CKD children and their parents' assessment require further analysis. However, these disparaties indicate that the final diagnosis of the occurrence of depressive disorders should be based on a multidimensional assessment of the patient's situation.
“…Parental support in the prevention of depression was also studied. It was shown that a safe, supportive environment with engaged and responsive caregivers builds resilience and secure attachment in children-important factors playing a protective role against major life stressors, such as the presence of chronic disease [25][26][27]. Children with chronic diseases are especially dependent on parental support in many areas of their lives.…”
Section: Depression Among Children With Ckdmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Parental support plays a significant role in a child's mental well-being [19,25]. It seems that parents-or at least a PCs-should be included when implementing these preventative strategies [15,19,25].…”
Section: Conclusion and Future Directions For Studies On Depression I...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Parental support plays a significant role in a child's mental well-being [19,25]. It seems that parents-or at least a PCs-should be included when implementing these preventative strategies [15,19,25]. However, parents facing CKD in their children are often exposed to the caregivers' burden, which may put a strain on the parent-child relationship and in turn have a negative influence on the child's mental state [8,20].…”
Section: Conclusion and Future Directions For Studies On Depression I...mentioning
Depression is a significant health problem gaining increasing relevance, especially among children and adolescents. It is known that the incidence of depression is higher in patients suffering from chronic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review aims to discuss the prevalence of depression in children and adolescents with CKD and its impact on the quality of life of these patients (HRQoL). The research was conducted using online databases with keywords: depression in children and adolescents, depression and chronic diseases, chronic kidney disease, and health-related quality of life. It was found that the risk for developing depression is higher for adolescents and females, and with the use of negative coping strategies, lack of caregiver nurturance, and poor socioeconomic status. In patients with pediatric CKD, the stage of the disease, age of CKD diagnosis, and type of treatment were found to significantly impact HRQoL and contribute to caregiver burden. Depression was more commonly found in children suffering from CKD. It causes significant mental distress to the child and contributes to the caregiver’s burden. Screening for depression among CKD patients is advised. In depressed patients, transdiagnostic tools should be used to alleviate some of the symptoms. In children at risk of developing depression, preventative strategies should be considered.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.