Perspectives of genomics for genetic conservation of livestock

Windig, J.J.; Engelsma, K.A.

doi:10.1007/s10592-009-0007-x

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Among other advantages, the use of a large number of markers will allow for more precise estimations of coancestries, which are key to several measures of diversity, and for doing conservation analyses at the level of breeds, herds and individuals. As well, it will be possible to consider the effects of both neutral and adaptive genetic variation from distinct genomic regions (Windig and Engelsma, 2010). This volume of genomic information will also allow for the increase in effective population size and the minimisation of withinindividual variation (Wang and Hill, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative breed contributions to neutral genetic diversity of a comprehensive representation of Iberian native cattle

Cañón

García

Delgado

et al. 2011

Animal

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This study is aimed at establishing priorities for the optimal conservation of genetic diversity among a comprehensive group of 40 cattle breeds from the Iberian Peninsula. Different sets of breed contributions to diversity were obtained with several methods that differ in the relative weight attributed to the within-and between-breed components of the genetic variation. The contributions to the Weitzman diversity and the expected heterozygosity (He) account for between-and within-breed variation only, respectively. Contributions to the core set obtained for several kinship matrices, incorporate both sources of variation, as well as the combined contributions of Ollivier and Foulley and those of Caballero and Toro. In general, breeds that ranked high in the different core set applications also ranked high in the contribution to the global He, for example, Sayaguesa, Retinta, Monchina, Berrenda en Colorado or Marismeñ a. As expected, the Weitzman method prioritised breeds with low contributions to the He, like Mallorquina, Menorquina, Berrenda en Negro, Mostrenca, Vaca Palmera or Mirandesa, all showing highly negative contributions to He -that is, their removal would significantly increase the average He. Weighing the within-and between-breed components with the F ST produced a balanced set of contributions in which all the breeds ranking high in both approaches show up. Unlike the other methods, the contributions to the diversity proposed by Caballero and Toro prioritised a good number of Portuguese breeds (Arouquesa, Barrosã , Mertolenga and Preta ranking highest), but this might be caused by a sample size effect. Only Sayaguesa ranked high in all the methods tested. Considerations with regard to the conservation scheme should be made before adopting any of these approaches: in situ v. cryoconservation, selection and adaptation within the breeds v. crossbreeding or the creation of synthetic breeds. There is no general consensus with regard to balancing within-and between-breed diversity and the decision of which source to favour will depend on the particular scenario. In addition to the genetic information, other factors, such as geographical, historical, economic, cultural, etc., also need to be considered in the formulation of a conservation plan. All these aspects will ultimately influence the distribution of resources by the decision-makers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative breed contributions to neutral genetic diversity of a comprehensive representation of Iberian native cattle

Cañón

García

Delgado

et al. 2011

Animal

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“…Many local breeds have become endangered or extinct because of crossbreeding with more productive breeds [11]. The disappearance of such breeds is potentially detrimental to the genetic basis of livestock production, specifically in the case of particular adaptive characteristics to respond to changes in the environment or market [11,24]. Actions to preserve these breeds are taken worldwide, but if an undesired introgression event happens it will be necessary to recover the original background and develop methods to cope with this situation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages of using molecular coancestry in the removal of introgressed genetic material

Amador¹,

Fernández²,

Meuwissen

2013

Genet Sel Evol

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BackgroundWhen introgression of undesired exogenous genetic material occurs in a population intended to remain pure, actions are necessary to recover the original background. It has been shown that genome-wide information can replace pedigree information for different objectives and is a valuable tool in the fields of genetic conservation and breeding. In this simulation study, molecular information provided by 50 000 SNP was used to minimise the molecular coancestry between individuals of an admixed population and the foreign individuals that originally introgressed a native population in order to remove the exogenous DNA.ResultsThis management method, which detects the ‘purest’ individuals to be used as parents for the next generation, allowed recovery of the native genetic background to a great extent in all simulated scenarios. However, it also caused an increase in inbreeding larger than expected because of the lower number of individuals selected as parents and the higher coancestry between them. In scenarios involving several introgression events the method was more efficient than in those involving a single introgression event because part of the genetic information was mixed with the native genetic material for a shorter period.ConclusionsGenome-wide information can be used to identify the purest individuals via the minimisation of molecular coancestry between individuals of the admixed and exogenous populations. Removal of the undesired genetic material is more efficient with a molecular-based approach than with a pedigree-based approach.

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“…There is growing discussion among primary industry scientists regarding the need for commercial breeding programs to maximize genetic diversity and minimize inbreeding (Medugorac et al . ; Windig & Engelsma ; Joost et al . ; Lenstra et al .…”

Section: Strong Relationships Lead To Mutually Beneficial Genomic Advmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Livestock and crops are often of a small effective population size (i.e. N e < 100) due to many generations of artificial selection for desired traits and are thus susceptible to loss of genome‐wide variation via inbreeding and genetic drift (Windig & Engelsma ; Leroy et al . ; Kristensen et al .…”

Section: Strong Relationships Lead To Mutually Beneficial Genomic Advmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building strong relationships between conservation genetics and primary industry leads to mutually beneficial genomic advances

Galla

Buckley

Elshire³

et al. 2016

Molecular Ecology

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Several reviews in the past decade have heralded the benefits of embracing high-throughput sequencing technologies to inform conservation policy and the management of threatened species, but few have offered practical advice on how to expedite the transition from conservation genetics to conservation genomics. Here, we argue that an effective and efficient way to navigate this transition is to capitalize on emerging synergies between conservation genetics and primary industry (e.g., agriculture, fisheries, forestry and horticulture). Here, we demonstrate how building strong relationships between conservation geneticists and primary industry scientists is leading to mutually-beneficial outcomes for both disciplines. Based on our collective experience as collaborative New Zealand-based scientists, we also provide insight for forging these cross-sector relationships.

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Perspectives of genomics for genetic conservation of livestock

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Relative breed contributions to neutral genetic diversity of a comprehensive representation of Iberian native cattle

Relative breed contributions to neutral genetic diversity of a comprehensive representation of Iberian native cattle

Advantages of using molecular coancestry in the removal of introgressed genetic material

Building strong relationships between conservation genetics and primary industry leads to mutually beneficial genomic advances

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