Perspectives of athletes and pharmacists on pharmacist-provided sports supplement counseling: An exploratory study

Howard, Mitchell S.; DiDonato, Kristen L.; Janovick, Daniel L.; Schroeder, Michelle N.; Powers, Mary F; Azzi, Andrew G.; Lengel, Aaron J.

doi:10.1016/j.japh.2018.05.003

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Findings of this Australian study are consistent with the reports of international studies in which pharmacists self-reported that their knowledge and awareness of doping, anti-doping and sport supplements are low [13,15,16]. Additionally, pharmacists reported low confidence [15] and difficulty finding reliable, evidence-based information about drugs in sport and sport supplements [17]. Another study in Qatar showed that 60% of pharmacist respondents were unaware of WADA's role in doping.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Pharmacists as a Source of Advice on Medication Use for Athletes

et al. 2020

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Background: The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) specifies substances that competitive sportspersons are not allowed to take. Some of these substances are contained in common medicines used in everyday medical practice and could be used by athletes by accident. Objectives: This study aimed to explore pharmacists’ knowledge and confidence in guiding athletes about the use of medicines in professional sport. Methods: Registered pharmacists in Australia were invited to participate in an online survey. The survey had five domains and aimed to identify pharmacists’ demographic information, interest in sport, familiarity with WADA guidelines, knowledge on prohibited drug classes, and their opinion about the role of pharmacists in educating athletes on medication use. Descriptive statistics were provided and where appropriate, Chi-square, Mann–Whitney and independent t-test were used to identify potential associations and difference between means. Results: One hundred and thirty-five pharmacists (response rate of 10.6%) completed the survey, with the majority indicating that they were not confident in advising athletes on medication use. Although most respondents believed that pharmacists have a role in the education of athletes to help avoid unintentional doping, only about a quarter indicated that they had sufficient knowledge to advise athletes. About one-half of the respondents could provide fully correct answers when asked to identify the WADA status of some commonly used drugs. Conclusions: The results of the survey indicate that upskilling is required to enable pharmacists in Australia to provide accurate medication advice to professional athletes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Pharmacists as a Source of Advice on Medication Use for Athletes

et al. 2020

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“…Study design of most (81.8%) of the studies was “observational” [19,20,23,29,30,31,32,33,34,35] with only one “experimental” design [36]. Although observational cross-sectional studies have a place in research, particularly in emerging fields such as sports pharmacy, most ( n = 7/11) used convenience sampling [19,20,29,31,33,35,36] and all utilized surveys, which were piloted only for face validity or content validity. This may be due to a lack of funding since only one of the studies was supported by an external granting agency [32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmacists consider themselves a good potential source of drug information for athletes [19,31,32], and, while pharmacists are enthusiastic about counseling athletes, few feel equipped to do so [29,31,32,34]. Key barriers identified by pharmacists were a lack of knowledge about prohibited lists, not knowing where to source reliable information about banned substances, and a lack of confidence in discussing doping with athletes [19,36]. Other barriers included time, a perceived lack of evidence about the benefits of sports supplements, and a limited range of sports supplement products stocked by pharmacy outlets [19,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The guidelines refer to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Anti-Doping Code [18] and provide recommendations around doping control relevant to pharmacists, governments, and pharmaceutical associations. Recommendations for pharmacists include: (i) keeping up-to-date with the contents of the WADA Code, (ii) assisting athletes to recognize whether the use of a substance may be banned or restricted in their sport, and (iii) providing information to athletes about the risks and benefits of nutritional supplements; many supplements contain banned substances according to the WADA Code or specific sports-governing parties [17,19]. Pharmacists with expertise in sports medicine must stay current with new and changing recommendations concerning the use of appropriate products, and this study reviews educational opportunities for pharmacists in sports pharmacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current and Potential Roles in Sports Pharmacy: A Systematic Review

et al. 2019

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(1) Background: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate current and potential roles for pharmacists in sports medicine and to identify key themes in outcomes reported in studies. (2) Methods: EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus and the Cochrane Library were searched in January 2019. Peer-reviewed, original research articles were considered for inclusion. Articles published in a language other than English were excluded. Quality appraisal was performed independently by two authors. (3) Results: Findings of 11 eligible articles (10 observational and 1 experimental study design) were grouped into three themes: (i) doping prevention and control, (ii) injury management and first aid, and (iii) educational and curricular needs. Pharmacists were perceived as a good potential source of information about doping and are enthusiastic about counseling athletes, but lack knowledge and confidence in this area. While pharmacists were frequently consulted for advice on managing sprains and strains, their advice was not always guided by current evidence. Pharmacists and pharmacy students recalled limited opportunity for education in sports pharmacy. (4) Conclusion: Pharmacists showed a willingness and an aptitude to counsel athletes. However, lack of knowledge and confidence, and limited educational opportunities, were key barriers. More research is necessary to support pharmacists in this role.

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“…According to a US study, community pharmacists wish to provide information related to the nutritional supplement intake of athletes, but lack of time and knowledge prevent them from these activities (Howard et al, 2018). The same study also showed, in cross-sectional study of athletes, that athletes did not regard pharmacists as information providers of sports supplements, but wished to ask them about supplements (Howard et al, 2018). It is expected that providing nutritional and supplement intake advice and support will become important duties for pharmacists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditions and Hardships Related to Pharmacists' Provisions of Anti-Doping Activities in Japan

Nakajima

Onuma

Watanabe

et al. 2020

Int. J. Sport Health Sci.

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We conducted a cross-sectional survey of pharmacists working in hospitals and community pharmacies in Japan to assess anti-doping activities, aiming to improve athletes' medication support. An internet survey was conducted anonymously using a structured questionnaire, with items regarding the respondent's basic information, their collaboration with other healthcare professionals, and their experiences with medication support for athletes. Of the 841 pharmacists who completed the survey, 21.4% had experienced anti-doping inquiries from athletes, and 18.7% of non-sports pharmacists had experienced medication consultations with athletes. Significantly more accredited sports pharmacists than non-sports pharmacists referred to the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) Prohibited List (p = 0.009), the Global Drug Reference Online (Global DRO) (p < 0.001), and the Japan Pharmaceutical Association's antidoping hotline (p = 0.001). A significantly greater proportion of male pharmacists (p < 0.001), accredited sports pharmacists (p < 0.001), and pharmacists who cooperated with other healthcare professionals, such as medical doctors and dietitians (p < 0.001), reported that they were confident handling anti-doping inquiries. Although pharmacists generally conduct consultations with athletes, further education is needed, as pharmacists have trouble effectively providing information on doping prevention. Ideally, athletes should consult with accredited sports pharmacists who have undergone continued anti-doping education. Moreover, multi

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Perspectives of athletes and pharmacists on pharmacist-provided sports supplement counseling: An exploratory study

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Pharmacists as a Source of Advice on Medication Use for Athletes

Pharmacists as a Source of Advice on Medication Use for Athletes

Current and Potential Roles in Sports Pharmacy: A Systematic Review

Conditions and Hardships Related to Pharmacists' Provisions of Anti-Doping Activities in Japan

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