Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Chapter 15. Macrorchidism as the Expression of Several Congenital and Acquired Pathologies

Nistal, Manuel; Paniagua, Ricardo; González‐Peramato, Pilar; Reyes‐Múgica, Miguel

doi:10.2350/14-05-1494-pb.1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 225 publications

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“…Microscopically, they grow in a diffuse pattern or form trabeculae with a rich vascular network. In young patients, the limits of the tumors may not be well-demarcated, since no capsule is present, and the tumor may engulf and infiltrate peripheral seminiferous tubules (see Nistal and colleagues [74]).…”

Section: Sex Cord–stromal Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Chapter 25. Testicular and Paratesticular Tumors in the Pediatric Age Group

et al. 2016

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Testicular tumors in the prepubertal age are relatively rare, representing only 9.4% of the total testicular and paratesticular specimens from a 20-year review performed at a large pediatric hospital [ 1 ]. They account for 1% to 2% of all solid tumors in the pediatric age group, with an annual incidence between 0.5/100 000 and 2/100 000 boys according to Coppes et al [ 2 ] and data from the Prepubertal Testicular Tumor Registry [ 3 ]. Similar to other neoplasms afflicting children, a bimodal age distribution is observed. The first peak is between birth and 3 years of age, and a second one occurs at the onset of puberty, extending to the fourth decade. Reports on their frequency vary because some investigators include the adolescent period, while others do not [ 4 ]. The vast majority of testicular tumors are germ cell neoplasms, accounting for 95% across all ages [ 5 ]. In children, germ cell tumors also predominate, representing 71% of all testicular neoplasms. These include yolk sac tumors (49%), teratomas (13%), seminomas and mixed germ cell tumors (9%), and sex-cord stromal tumors (29%). Malignant potential is significantly lower (less than 70%) in the pediatric age group compared to adults (90%) [ 6 ]. According to Pohl et al, 74% of prepubertal testicular tumors are benign [ 7 ].

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Section: Sex Cord–stromal Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Chapter 25. Testicular and Paratesticular Tumors in the Pediatric Age Group

et al. 2016

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“…LH/hCG receptor gene mutations Both gonadotropins share the same receptor, and activating mutations are responsible for familial male precocious puberty [124,125] (see Nistal and colleagues [126]). Inactivating mutations of the LH/HCG receptor lead to male undermasculinization of external genitalia due to the poor differentiation and activity of Leydig cells, which are either absent or hypoplastic (see Nistal and colleagues [127]).…”

Section: Mutations In Gonadotropin Receptor Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Chapter 18. Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadisms. Pediatric and Pubertal Presentations

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“…Children with hypothyroidism often have testicular enlargement without virilization (see Nistal and colleagues [21]).…”

Section: Thyroid Gland Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Chapter 22. Testicular Involvement in Systemic Diseases

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Normal testicular physiology requires appropriate function of endocrine glands and other tissues. Testicular lesions have been described in disorders involving the hypothalamus-hypophysis, thyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. Testicular abnormalities can also associate with chronic anemia, obesity, and neoplasia. Although many of the disorders that affect the above-mentioned glands and tissues are congenital, acquired lesions may result in hypogonadism in children and adolescents.

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Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Chapter 15. Macrorchidism as the Expression of Several Congenital and Acquired Pathologies

Cited by 4 publications

References 225 publications

Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Chapter 25. Testicular and Paratesticular Tumors in the Pediatric Age Group

Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Chapter 25. Testicular and Paratesticular Tumors in the Pediatric Age Group

Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Chapter 18. Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadisms. Pediatric and Pubertal Presentations

Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Chapter 22. Testicular Involvement in Systemic Diseases

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