Perspectives from Higher Education: Applied Sciences University Teachers on the Digitalization of the Bioeconomy : The Acceptance of Digital Surveillance in an Age of Big Data
“…Despite the many differences associated with these tools, surveillance may have become so pervasive, automated, and integrated into everyday life that citizens fail to differentiate between its various forms (Kerry, 2018). The Snowden revelations, Cambridge Analytica’s collection of psychometric data from unknowing Facebook users, and countless cyber hacking campaigns have revealed the degree to which anyone can fall victim to serious violations of digital privacy (Westerlund et al, 2021). As individuals become increasingly aware of the challenges associated with maintaining privacy in both public and digital spaces and the ubiquity of malicious cyber actors, they may adopt an apathetic attitude towards surveillance altogether.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In light of the growing number of cyberattacks and the adoption of countermeasures to thwart them, scholars have gauged public attitudes about policies that aim to counter cyberterrorism (Haner et al, 2020; Norris, 2017; Viscusi and Zeckhauser, 2003; Westerlund et al, 2021; Shandler and Canetti, 2024). In democratic states, the sustainability of policies hinges on public support, where failure to reconcile public sentiment with policy can tarnish legitimacy and erode trust in government (Tomz and Weeks, 2020).…”
While conventional terrorism has long been associated with enhanced support for surveillance, scholars have not determined whether variation in the type and outcome of terror attacks, including those emanating from cyberspace, influences public support for these policies. Further, existing studies typically examine public opinion in a single country, thereby failing to investigate cross-national trends in support for surveillance. In this article, we outline a theoretical relationship between cyberattacks and support for surveillance measures and then, through survey experiments conducted in the United States, United Kingdom, and Israel, explore whether variation in both the type (conventional or cyberterrorism) and outcome (non-lethal or lethal outcomes) of attacks influences support for a range of surveillance tactics. We find that while participants do not base their support for surveillance on attack type or outcome and do not differentiate between surveillance tactics when formulating their preferences, there are considerable cross-national differences in support. Participants from Israel generally responded more favorably to all forms of surveillance, independent of experimental treatment, with British respondents demonstrating high levels of support for CCTV cameras. American respondents, however, were generally less supportive of surveillance measures across treatments, with the differences being most notable in their relative reluctance to support the use of CCTV cameras. These findings have important implications not only for the sustainability of national policies but also for international collaboration to manage emerging risks.
“…Despite the many differences associated with these tools, surveillance may have become so pervasive, automated, and integrated into everyday life that citizens fail to differentiate between its various forms (Kerry, 2018). The Snowden revelations, Cambridge Analytica’s collection of psychometric data from unknowing Facebook users, and countless cyber hacking campaigns have revealed the degree to which anyone can fall victim to serious violations of digital privacy (Westerlund et al, 2021). As individuals become increasingly aware of the challenges associated with maintaining privacy in both public and digital spaces and the ubiquity of malicious cyber actors, they may adopt an apathetic attitude towards surveillance altogether.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In light of the growing number of cyberattacks and the adoption of countermeasures to thwart them, scholars have gauged public attitudes about policies that aim to counter cyberterrorism (Haner et al, 2020; Norris, 2017; Viscusi and Zeckhauser, 2003; Westerlund et al, 2021; Shandler and Canetti, 2024). In democratic states, the sustainability of policies hinges on public support, where failure to reconcile public sentiment with policy can tarnish legitimacy and erode trust in government (Tomz and Weeks, 2020).…”
While conventional terrorism has long been associated with enhanced support for surveillance, scholars have not determined whether variation in the type and outcome of terror attacks, including those emanating from cyberspace, influences public support for these policies. Further, existing studies typically examine public opinion in a single country, thereby failing to investigate cross-national trends in support for surveillance. In this article, we outline a theoretical relationship between cyberattacks and support for surveillance measures and then, through survey experiments conducted in the United States, United Kingdom, and Israel, explore whether variation in both the type (conventional or cyberterrorism) and outcome (non-lethal or lethal outcomes) of attacks influences support for a range of surveillance tactics. We find that while participants do not base their support for surveillance on attack type or outcome and do not differentiate between surveillance tactics when formulating their preferences, there are considerable cross-national differences in support. Participants from Israel generally responded more favorably to all forms of surveillance, independent of experimental treatment, with British respondents demonstrating high levels of support for CCTV cameras. American respondents, however, were generally less supportive of surveillance measures across treatments, with the differences being most notable in their relative reluctance to support the use of CCTV cameras. These findings have important implications not only for the sustainability of national policies but also for international collaboration to manage emerging risks.
“…Esta cita muestra que tanto las empresas privadas como las instituciones públicas tienen interés en la utilización de la tecnología del big data para aumentar su poder, por medio de aumentar sus beneficios en el caso del sector privado y para controlar a los ciudadanos en el caso del sector público. Aunque los objetivos del sector privado y del sector público son diferentes, la relación que existe entre ambos no tiene un carácter excluyente, ambos colectivos mantienen una colaboración continua que facilita la consecución de sus propósitos (Morozov, 2011;Webb, 2021;Westerlund et al, 2021). La rápida digitalización de las sociedades modernas y el desarrollo de la industria del big data han potenciado el nacimiento y crecimiento de grandes empresas tecnológicas que ofrecen diversos servicios digitales con la finalidad de extraer y tratar grandes conjuntos de datos.…”
Section: La Monopolización De Los Datosunclassified
“…Este es otro de los efectos que incrementa el poder de las GAFAM. La importancia de los datos masivos en las sociedades modernas ha dado lugar a un conjunto de intereses comunes entre las grandes corporaciones tecnológicas y las instituciones públicas (Suárez Gonzalo, 2019;Westerlund et al, 2021). Es importante destacar que la monopolización de internet y el enorme poder que atesoran las grandes empresas digitales sería imposible sin la colaboración entre estas corporaciones y las organizaciones públicas (Morozov, 2011;Ramge y Mayer-Schönberger, 2021).…”
Section: La Monopolización De Los Datosunclassified
“…La cooperación entre el sector privado y el sector público permite la obtención de beneficios a ambos grupos. Por un lado, los gobiernos, las agencias de seguridad nacionales y los ejércitos utilizan los grandes conjuntos de datos que extraen y almacenan las GA-FAM, que les sería imposible conseguir de otra forma, para llevar a cabo operaciones de vigilancia y control de la población (Lyon, 2018;Westerlund et al, 2021;Coeckelbergh, 2022). Por otra parte, la obtención de los beneficios de las grandes corporaciones tecnológicas está muy relacionada con las legislaciones estatales y las políticas de privacidad y protección de datos, por lo que la colaboración con las instituciones públicas es fundamental para su viabilidad.…”
Section: La Monopolización De Los Datosunclassified
ResumenEl rápido avance de la digitalización y la hiperconectividad de las sociedades modernas en los últimos años ha dado lugar a la dataficación de la vida de las personas y a la revolución del big data. Estos dos fenómenos presentan un gran potencial que puede originar múltiples beneficios en multitud de aspectos de la vida de los ciudadanos, pero también hay que tener en cuenta las implicaciones y los peligros de estos. Este artículo se centra en los peligros provocados por las grandes corporaciones tecnológicas del planeta, las denominadas GAFAM (Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple y Microsoft). Los procesos de extracción, almacenamiento y análisis de datos de la vida de las personas llevados a cabo por las GAFAM presentan diversas implicaciones peligrosas para los propios ciudadanos entre las que destacan la monopolización de sus datos y la perdida de privacidad. En este artículo se profundizará en estas dos amenazas. Utilizando una metodología hermenéutico-crítica basada en el análisis de fuentes bibliográficas, el objetivo de este artículo es examinar los principales riesgos de las GAFAM para la ciudadanía y proponer soluciones a estos.
This chapter provides an in-depth account of current research activities and applications in the field of Speech Technology (ST). It discusses technical, scientific, commercial and societal aspects in various ST sub-fields and relates ST to the wider areas of Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence. Furthermore, it outlines breakthroughs needed, main technology visions and provides an outlook towards 2030 as well as a broad view of how ST may fit into and contribute to a wider vision of Deep Natural Language Understanding and Digital Language Equality in Europe. The chapter integrates the views of several companies and institutions involved in research and commercial application of ST.
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