Perspectives about artificial moral agents

Martinho, Andreia; Poulsen, Adam; Kroesen, Maarten; Chorus, Caspar

doi:10.1007/s43681-021-00055-2

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…Wyzwaniem jest także samodzielne tworzenie treści przez sztuczną inteligencję, który to proces jest niezrozumiały nawet dla samych twórców i operatorów SI. Co więcej, pojawiają się także badania sugerujące, że taki agent tekstowy może wyznawać własną moralność (Martinho i in., 2021). WNIOSKI Celem podjętego wysiłku badawczego było zidentyfikowanie głównych nurtów debaty na temat dezinformacji, w tym halucynacji chatbotów.…”

Section: Prawda I Dezinformacja W śRodowisku Mediówunclassified

Halucynacje chatbotów a prawda: główne nurty debaty i ich interpretacje

Kreft,

Boguszewicz-Kreft,

Cyrek

2024

rns

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Generatywne systemy sztucznej inteligencji (SI) są w stanie tworzyć treści medialne poprzez zastosowanie uczenia maszynowego do dużych ilości danych szkoleniowych. Te nowe dane mogą obejmować tekst (np. Bard firmy Google, LLaMa firmy Meta lub ChatGPT firmy OpenAI) oraz elementy wizualne (np. Stable Diffusion lub DALL-E OpenAI) i dźwięk (np. VALL-E firmy Microsoft). Stopień zaawansowania tych treści może czynić je nieodróżnialnymi od twórczości człowieka. Chatboty cechują się jednak tzw. halucynacjami, które w istotnej części są nowym rodzajem dezinformacji. Celem podjętych badań jest identyfikacja głównych nurtów debaty poświęconej skutkom wykorzystania sztucznej inteligencji ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dezinformacji z udziałem chatbotów w środowisku mediów. W badaniu przyjęto metodę badawczą systematycznego przeglądu literatury ograniczającą m.in. błąd selekcji. Interpretacja głównych nurtów debaty skłania do wniosku, że dezinformacja chatbotów w postaci ich halucynacji jest znacząca pod względem skali, jest optymalizowana i personalizowana oraz ma istotny potencjał erodowania zaufania społecznego.

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Section: Prawda I Dezinformacja W śRodowisku Mediówunclassified

Halucynacje chatbotów a prawda: główne nurty debaty i ich interpretacje

Kreft,

Boguszewicz-Kreft,

Cyrek

2024

rns

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“…As mentioned in Sect. 2, narrow AI systems, such as LLMs, lack the capacities regarded as essential for moral agency, such as consciousness, self-concepts, personal memory, life experiences, goals, and emotions [18,141,153]. While this is not a problem for most technologies, it is for AI systems because they may be used to perform activities with significant moral and social consequences, such as reading radiological images or writing scientific papers (see discussion in Sect.…”

Section: Lack Of Moral Agencymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ethics of Using Artificial Intelligence in Scientific Research: New Guidance Needed for a New Tool

Resnik,

Hosseini

2023

Preprint

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The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in research offers many important benefits for science and society but also creates some novel and complex ethical issues. While the issues raised by AI use will not necessitate a radical change in the established ethical norms of science, they will require the scientific community to develop new guidance for the appropriate use of AI. In this article, we provide a brief introduction to AI and how it can be used in research, examine some of the ethical issues raised by using AI in research, and offer recommendations for appropriate use of this technology. We recommend that: 1) researchers and software developers are responsible for identifying, describing, reducing, and controlling AI-related biases and random errors; 2) researchers should disclose and explain their use of AI in language that can be understood by non-experts; 3) if appropriate, researchers should engage with impacted communities, populations, and other stakeholders concerning the use of AI in research to obtain their advice and assistance and address their interests and concerns; 4) researchers may be liable for misconduct if they intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly use AI to fabricate or falsify data or commit plagiarism; 5) AI systems should not be named authors, inventors, or copyright holders but their contributions to research should be disclosed and described; 6) AI systems should not be used in situations that may involve unauthorized disclosure of confidential information related to human research subjects, unpublished research, potential intellectual property claims, or proprietary or classified research; and 7) education and mentoring in responsible conduct of research should include discussion of ethical use of AI.

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“…Furthermore, this eventuality urges us to reflect on what are the moral foundations within arguments developed by an AI text agent (Zyglidopoulos, 2022). Even if each party involved in interaction via an AI text agent provides specific instructions to it to produce a message that carries a specific morality, the AI text agent may hold its own morality (Martinho et al, 2021), and thereby may mediate the original intended message and its initially intended morality. This urges to extend the current debate on distributed morality (Floridi & Chiriatti, 2020; Martin, 2019) because an unacceptable output may no longer depend only on the way an AI agent is designed, but also on how the agent is used by actors.…”

Section: New Ethical Challenges Created By the Use Of Artificial Inte...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical implications of text generation in the age of artificial intelligence

Illia

Colleoni

Zyglidopoulos

2022

Business Ethics Env & Resp

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We are at a turning point in the debate on the ethics of Artificial Intelligence (AI) because we are witnessing the rise of general-purpose AI text agents such as GPT-3 that can generate large-scale highly refined content that appears to have been written by a human. Yet, a discussion on the ethical issues related to the blurring of the roles between humans and machines in the production of content in the business arena is lacking. In this conceptual paper, drawing on agenda setting theory and stakeholder theory, we challenge the current debate on the ethics of AI and aim to stimulate studies that develop research around three new challenges of AI text agents: automated mass manipulation and disinformation (i.e., fake agenda problem), massive low-quality content production (i.e., lowest denominator problem) and the creation of a growing buffer in the communication between stakeholders (i.e., the mediation problem). | INTRODUC TI ONThe rise of AI agents for automated text generation (ATG) brings with it new ethical challenges. Such agents can generate large-scale highly refined content that 'sounds' like a real human, and their use is on the rise. This development has profound implications for society:What happens if we end up silencing the human voice? Who benefits from this technology and who loses out? And how should we regulate its use to ensure responsible deployment in public discourse? These questions are addressed through an analysis of current developments in AI agent technologies for ATG. This paper identifies three core issues: (1) there is no consensus yet as to what constitutes good or bad ATG; (2) social media platforms have not yet developed policies on ATG; and (3) existing regulation does not deal sufficiently with risks posed by ATG. It concludes that more research needs to be done into different types of text generated by AI agents before any universal rules about appropriate use can be established. In addition, it argues that social media companies need to develop policies regarding acceptable uses of such software, while governments need to review existing legislation so as to ensure proper oversight over their deployment. The first paragraph might sound like a well-crafted introduction written by academic scholars. Yet, this text was entirely generated by GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer), the world's most advanced AI for ATG. To generate this text, we simply gave GPT-3 the following instructions: 'This is the abstract of a scientific article in the academic Journal Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility that discusses ethical challenges posed by the end of the era of rule-based bots and the rise of easy-to-use, thirdgeneration, general-purpose, Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents for ATG that can generate large-scale highly refined content that reads like a human. The article focuses on the risk of massive production of text by AI agents and the implications of silencing human voices. The research question that is posed is…' 1 and asked GPT-3 to produce a text 288 chara...

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Perspectives about artificial moral agents

Cited by 11 publications

References 73 publications

Halucynacje chatbotów a prawda: główne nurty debaty i ich interpretacje

Halucynacje chatbotów a prawda: główne nurty debaty i ich interpretacje

The Ethics of Using Artificial Intelligence in Scientific Research: New Guidance Needed for a New Tool

Ethical implications of text generation in the age of artificial intelligence

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