Perspective on using multiple orbital-angular-momentum beams for enhanced capacity in free-space optical communication links

Willner, Alan E.

doi:10.1515/nanoph-2020-0435

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…High dimensional encoding and high-capacity communication are attractive topics and structured light applied in related fields has been researched for few decades [20,105,189,190]. Various properties of structured light such as OAM evolution and spatial mode structure have been demonstrated that can be used to improve high-dimensional cryptography and secure communication [191][192][193].…”

Section: High-capacity Encoding and Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rays, waves, SU(2) symmetry and geometry: toolkits for structured light

Shen

2021

J. Opt.

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Structured light refers to the ability to tailor optical patterns in all its degrees of freedom, from conventional 2D transverse patterns to exotic forms of 3D, 4D, and even higher-dimensional modes of light, which break fundamental paradigms and open new and exciting applications for both classical and quantum scenarios. The description of diverse degrees of freedom of light can be based on different interpretations, e.g. rays, waves, and quantum states, that are based on different assumptions and approximations. In particular, recent advances highlighted the exploiting of geometric transformation under general symmetry to reveal the ‘hidden’ degrees of freedom of light, allowing access to higher dimensional control of light. In this tutorial, I outline the basics of symmetry and geometry to describe light, starting from the basic mathematics and physics of SU(2) symmetry group, and then to the generation of complex states of light, leading to a deeper understanding of structured light with connections between rays and waves, quantum and classical. The recent explosion of related applications are reviewed, including advances in multi-particle optical tweezing, novel forms of topological photonics, high-capacity classical and quantum communications, and many others, that, finally, outline what the future might hold for this rapidly evolving field.

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Section: High-capacity Encoding and Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rays, waves, SU(2) symmetry and geometry: toolkits for structured light

Shen

2021

J. Opt.

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“…In light optics, self-similar solutions of this equation, such as Hermite–Gauss and Laguerre–Gauss modes, 26 are routinely used in applications to optical communication. 27 Other examples include Airy 28 , 29 and similar accelerating beams, 30 as well as non-diffracting solutions such as Bessel beams. 31 , 32 Superoscillating beams, 33 which contain lobes with dimensions that are much smaller than a diffraction-limited spot, have also been realized with electron beams.…”

Section: Generation Of Special Electron Beam Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping of Electron Beams Using Sculpted Thin Films

Roitman

Shiloh

et al. 2021

ACS Photonics

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Electron beam shaping by sculpted thin films relies on electron–matter interactions and the wave nature of electrons. It can be used to study physical phenomena of special electron beams and to develop technological applications in electron microscopy that offer new and improved measurement techniques and increased resolution in different imaging modes. In this Perspective, we review recent applications of sculpted thin films for electron orbital angular momentum sorting, improvements in phase contrast transmission electron microscopy, and aberration correction. For the latter, we also present new results of our work toward correction of the spherical aberration of Lorentz scanning transmission electron microscopes and suggest a method to correct chromatic aberration using thin films. This review provides practical insight for researchers in the field and motivates future progress in electron microscopy.

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“…The OAM in this kind of beam is induced by a helical phase front given by an azimuthal phase dependence of the form e i φ , where represents the OAM number and φ the azimuthal angle [1][2][3][4][5]. Over the past decade, there has been an enormous interest in using photons carrying OAM for quantum communication [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. These structured beams of light allow for the encoding of multiple bits of information in a single photon [3][4][5].…”

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confidence: 99%

High-dimensional encryption in optical fibers using machine learning

Lollie¹,

Mostafavi²,

Bhusal³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The ability to engineer the spatial wavefunction of photons has enabled a variety of quantum protocols for communication, sensing, and information processing. These protocols exploit the high dimensionality of structured light enabling the encodinng of multiple bits of information in a single photon, the measurement of small physical parameters, and the achievement of unprecedented levels of security in schemes for cryptography. Unfortunately, the potential of structured light has been restrained to free-space platforms in which the spatial profile of photons is preserved. Here, we make an important step forward to using structured light for fiber optical communication. We introduce a smart high-dimensional encryption protocol in which the propagation of spatial modes in multimode fibers is used as a natural mechanism for encryption. This provides a secure communication channel for data transmission. The information encoded in spatial modes is retrieved using artificial neural networks, which are trained from the intensity distributions of experimentally detected spatial modes. Our on-fiber communication platform allows us to use spatial modes of light for high-dimensional bit-by-bit and byte-by-byte encoding. This protocol enables one to recover messages and images with almost perfect accuracy. Our smart protocol for high-dimensional optical encryption in optical fibers has key implications for quantum technologies relying on structured fields of light, particularly those that are challenged by free-space propagation.

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Perspective on using multiple orbital-angular-momentum beams for enhanced capacity in free-space optical communication links

Cited by 42 publications

References 61 publications

Rays, waves, SU(2) symmetry and geometry: toolkits for structured light

Rays, waves, SU(2) symmetry and geometry: toolkits for structured light

Shaping of Electron Beams Using Sculpted Thin Films

High-dimensional encryption in optical fibers using machine learning

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