Perspective on Terahertz Applications in Bioscience and Biotechnology

Markelz, Andrea; Mittleman, Daniel M.

doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00228

Cited by 86 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(158 reference statements)

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“…Over the past two decades, vibrational spectroscopy has developed into an important tool with ample applications in chemistry and beyond. − The number of available high precision measured and calculated vibrational spectra is constantly increasing thanks to rapidly advancing technologies and computational methods. To demonstrate this, in the following, some recent experimental and theoretical advances will be highlighted rather than giving a complete overview of this dynamic and complex field in all its breadth, which would be far beyond the scope of a feature article.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Local Vibrational Mode Theory and Its Place in the Vibrational Spectroscopy Arena

et al. 2022

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This Feature Article starts highlighting some recent experimental and theoretical advances in the field of IR and Raman spectroscopy, giving a taste of the breadth and dynamics of this striving field. The local mode theory is then reviewed, showing how local vibrational modes are derived from fundamental normal modes. New features are introduced that add to current theoretical efforts: (i) a unique measure of bond strength based on local mode force constants ranging from bonding in single molecules in different environments to bonding in periodic systems and crystals and (ii) a new way to interpret vibrational spectra by pinpointing and probing interactions between particular bond stretching contributions to the normal modes. All of this represents a means to work around the very nature of normal modes, namely that the vibrational motions in polyatomic molecules are delocalized. Three current focus points of the local mode analysis are reported, demonstrating how the local mode analysis extracts important information hidden in vibrational spectroscopy data supporting current experiments: (i) metal−ligand bonding in heme proteins, such as myoglobin and neuroglobin; (ii) disentanglement of DNA normal modes; and (iii) hydrogen bonding in water clusters and ice. Finally, the use of the local mode analysis by other research groups is summarized. Our vision is that in the future local mode analysis will be routinely applied by the community and that this Feature Article serves as an incubator for future collaborations between experiment and theory.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Local Vibrational Mode Theory and Its Place in the Vibrational Spectroscopy Arena

et al. 2022

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“…While advances in THz sources have resulted in real-world applications in communications, − spectroscopy, , medical and near-field imaging, − nondestructive monitoring and testing, − security, , and microscopy, , the lack of compact, efficient THz sources has stalled mass commercial adoption of this promising technology. Current methods for the generation of THz radiation on compact platforms include the utilization of nonlinear crystals, − solid-state sources, , photoconductive switches, − and spintronic THz radiation emitters. ,− Due to their bulk, growth requirements, and the need to achieve a high degree of crystallinity and phase-matching, nonlinear crystals are ill-suited to mass-fabrication techniques and multiplatform integration, while solid-state sources and photoconductive switches are mostly limited to lower THz frequencies while requiring high bias voltages and electronic circuitry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Chip Waveguided Spintronic Sources of Terahertz Radiation

Hopmann

Elezzabi

2023

ACS Photonics

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Rapid advancements in the communications and semiconductor industries have resulted in the trend to move device operations to higher frequencies, with particular interest in the terahertz (THz) band of the electromagnetic spectrum. We demonstrate waveguided spintronic THz emitters consisting of a SiN x /Fe/Pt/SiN x film stack on Si/SiO 2 and SiO 2 substrates. Linearly polarized optical laser pulses are coupled to the devices and their modal characteristics are determined by their polarization angle relative to the waveguide plane. By varying the optical pump polarization angle, we demonstrate modulation of the power of the generated THz radiation by up to 87%. We envision that the small device footprint in conjunction with the simplicity of the fabrication process and compatibility with various semiconductor platforms will enable such structures to be utilized for various onchip applications where they will work in tandem with photonic and electronic circuitry.

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“…27 Over the past two decades, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has emerged as a promising technique for the non-invasive sensing of various biological tissues. 28,29 THz-TDS has been effective in the delineation of breast or skin cancer margins, [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] diagnosis of brain, 37 colon, 38 and gastric 39 tumors, screening the diabetic foot syndrome 40,41 and monitoring the corneal hydration for diagnosing glaucoma. [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] In skin assessment applications, THz-TDS has been used for quantifying the hydration changes in the skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate and early prediction of the wound healing outcome of burn injuries using the wavelet Shannon entropy of THz time-domain waveforms

Khani¹,

Osman²,

Harris³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Significance: Severe burn injuries cause significant hypermetabolic alterations that are highly dynamic, hard to predict, and require acute and critical care. The clinical assessments of the severity of burn injuries are highly subjective and have been reported to be inaccurate consistently. Therefore, the utilization of other imaging modalities is crucial to reach an objective and accurate burn assessment modality. Aim: We describe a non-invasive technique using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and the wavelet packet Shannon entropy to automatically estimate the burn depth and predict the wound healing outcome of the thermal burn injuries. Approach: We created forty burn injuries of different severity grades in two porcine models using scald and contact methods of infliction. We used our THz Portable Handheld Spectral Reflection (PHASR) Scanner to obtain the in vivo THz-TDS images. We used the energy to Shannon entropy ratio of the wavelet packet coefficients of the THz-TDS waveforms on Day 0 to create supervised support vector machine (SVM) classification models. Histological20 assessments of the burn biopsies serve as the ground truth. Results: We achieved an accuracy rate of 94.7% in predicting the wound healing outcome, as determined by histological measurement of the re-epithelialization rate on Day 28 post-burn induction, using the THz-TDS measurements obtained on Day 0. Furthermore, we report the accuracy rates of 89%, 87.1%, and 87.6% in automatic diagnosis of the superficial partial-thickness, deep partial-thickness, and full-thickness burns, respectively, using a multiclass SVM model. Conclusions: The THz PHASR Scanner promises a robust, high-speed, and accurate diagnostic modality to improve the clinical triage of burns and their management.

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Perspective on Terahertz Applications in Bioscience and Biotechnology

Cited by 86 publications

References 113 publications

The Local Vibrational Mode Theory and Its Place in the Vibrational Spectroscopy Arena

The Local Vibrational Mode Theory and Its Place in the Vibrational Spectroscopy Arena

On-Chip Waveguided Spintronic Sources of Terahertz Radiation

Accurate and early prediction of the wound healing outcome of burn injuries using the wavelet Shannon entropy of THz time-domain waveforms

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