Perspective of community pharmacists about community-based antimicrobial stewardship programs. A multicenter cross-sectional study from China

Hayat, Khezar; Li, Pengchao; Rosenthal, Meagen; Xu, Sen; Chang, Jie; Gillani, Ali Hassan; Khan, Faiz Ullah; Sarwar, Muhammad Rehan; Ji, Sang Yong; Shi, Li; Cheng, Aoyu

doi:10.1080/14787210.2019.1692655

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Most of the survey participants agreed that antimicrobials might cause AMR and allergic reactions, but they ignored the risk of increasing treatment costs. A large number of studies have already shown that the community pharmacy staff's knowledge of antimicrobials is good, but the perception of the cost of antimicrobials and practices toward ASP was poor [21,[29][30][31][32]. We found that the participants' most common source of knowledge about antimicrobials was pharmacy training, which indicates that pharmacy training systems in China have improved in recent years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…We reviewed the literature thoroughly before developing the questionnaire [21,[25][26][27][28]. The final version of the questionnaire was checked for validation by two professors with a background in pharmacy.…”

Section: Survey Design and Scoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The focus of this survey was community pharmacies; there were no specific statistics as to their location. We found by reviewing the literature that the distribution of community pharmacies is correlated with a population [21], so we sampled in proportion to the population in each division, which yielded a sample size of 384.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study found that the attitude of pharmacists regarding antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) was positive. However, certain gaps in knowledge about some aspects of antimicrobials and participation in ASPs were highlighted coupled with a poor quality of pharmacy services [17,21,22]. No study has been undertaken to investigate the view of pharmacy staff toward ASPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge, attitude, and practices of community pharmacy staff toward antimicrobial stewardship programs: a cross-sectional study from Northeastern China

Feng

Hayat

Zhe

et al. 2020

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Background: Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most significant challenges of the twenty-first century, and the illegal sale of antimicrobial drugs at community pharmacies is a driver of antimicrobial resistance. This study explores the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of pharmacy staff toward antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among community pharmacy staff in Northeastern China, from April 1 to 31 May 2019, using a self-administered KAP questionnaire comprising 20 items. The data analysis was carried out by employing Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: A response rate of 98.5% (394/400) was obtained. The majority of participants (94.9%) demonstrated a good understanding of antimicrobial use, but they lacked an adequate understanding of ASPs. Nearly half of the participants (40.6%) reported that they sold antimicrobials to patients without a prescription. Education level, age, occupation, and experience were all significantly associated (P < 0.05) with participants' median ASPs scores. Besides, the presence of a licensed pharmacist (OR 46.327, 95% CI 2.443-878.451, P = 0.011) was the main factor associated with the pharmacy staff's understanding of antimicrobial use policies. Conclusions: The participants' knowledge of antimicrobials was good, and their attitudes regarding ASPs were positive, but their practices regarding ASPs were poor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Survey Design and Scoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge, attitude, and practices of community pharmacy staff toward antimicrobial stewardship programs: a cross-sectional study from Northeastern China

Feng

Hayat

Zhe

et al. 2020

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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“…Pharmacists in community pharmacies, who provide consultative services to the customers, play a vital role in the rational use of antibiotics. A recent Chinese multicenter cross-sectional study [40] showed that 45.9% of pharmacists did not know that antibiotics are not effective in viral infections. Several studies [41][42][43] revealed that pharmacist-led educational interventions could improve public or pharmacy customers' knowledge about the rational use of antibiotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Among Chinese Pharmacy Customers: A Multicenter Survey Study

Hayat

Shi

et al. 2020

Antibiotics

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Background: Resistance to antibiotics is one of the major global health challenges. An adequate understanding of the public regarding rational antibiotic use is a prerequisite to limit progression in antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance among customers visiting community pharmacies. Methods: This study was undertaken in three capital cities in China during March 2019 and July 2019 by using a questionnaire of 28 items. The questionnaire had four parts, including sociodemographic characteristics, KAP about antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance. A systematic random sampling approach was used to recruit the participants. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were carried out for data analysis. Results: The response rate was 66.7% (1800/2700). Out of the total, only 9.7% of the customers had good knowledge about antibiotics. Nearly half of the participants were unable to differentiate between antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory drugs (n = 820, 45.6%, Median = 2, IQR = 1). Most of the customers were of the view that the use of over the counter antibiotics in pregnant women is unsafe (n = 1307, 72.6%, Median = 2, IQR = 0). Almost half of the participants disagreed that costly antibiotics are more effective and have fewer side effects (n = 897, 49.9%, Median = 3, IQR = 1). Only 22.3% of participants said that they always finish the course of antibiotic treatment (n = 401, 22.3%, Median = 3, IQR = 1). Conclusion: The knowledge of Chinese pharmacy consumers was inadequate, and a lack of good attitudes and practices in certain aspects of antibiotic use was observed. Educational interventions are needed to increase public knowledge of antibiotics.

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Knowledge, attitude and practices among consumers toward antibiotics use and antibiotic resistance in Swat, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Khan

Hayat

et al. 2020

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Perspective of community pharmacists about community-based antimicrobial stewardship programs. A multicenter cross-sectional study from China

Cited by 17 publications

References 43 publications

Knowledge, attitude, and practices of community pharmacy staff toward antimicrobial stewardship programs: a cross-sectional study from Northeastern China

Knowledge, attitude, and practices of community pharmacy staff toward antimicrobial stewardship programs: a cross-sectional study from Northeastern China

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Among Chinese Pharmacy Customers: A Multicenter Survey Study

Knowledge, attitude and practices among consumers toward antibiotics use and antibiotic resistance in Swat, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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