Perspective: Moving Toward Desirable Linoleic Acid Content in Infant Formula

Carlson, Susan E.; Schipper, Lidewij; Brenna, J. Thomas; Agostoni, Carlo; Calder, Philip C.; Forsyth, Stewart; Legrand, Philippe; Abrahamse‐Berkeveld, Marieke; Heijning, Bert J. M. van de; Beek, Eline M. van der; Koletzko, Berthold; Mühlhäusler, Beverly S.

doi:10.1093/advances/nmab076

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 137 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…At present, the health impact of high LA in early life is unclear. While available preclinical evidence suggests a risk for obesity and worse metabolic outcomes in adulthood in response to high LA (or high LA:ALA ratio) in early life, supportive clinical data are lacking (reviewed in [121]). Future, well-designed studies are warranted to untangle the complex relationship between these FA in early life and their role in long-term health.…”

Section: Total Sfamentioning

confidence: 99%

Total Fat and Fatty Acid Intake among 1–7-Year-Old Children from 33 Countries: Comparison with International Recommendations

Monnard

Fleith

2021

Nutrients

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This work reviews available data on dietary intakes of total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and individual polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in children in different countries worldwide and for the first time, compares them with recent international recommendations. Studies published before June 2021 reporting total fat, total SFA and individual PUFA intakes in children aged 1–7 y were included. Observed intakes were evaluated against FAO/WHO and EFSA recommendations. 65 studies from 33 countries were included. Fat intake was too low in 88% of studies in young children (1–3 y). SFA intake was >10%E in 69–73% of children, especially in Europe. Linoleic acid intake was <3%E in 24% of studies in 1–2 y olds and within FAO/WHO recommendations among all other ages. Alpha-linolenic acid intake was <0.5%E in almost half of studies. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid + DHA intakes were below recommendations in most studies. In summary, while total fat intake was too low among younger children, SFA intake was above, especially in Europe and n-3 PUFA intake, especially DHA, were below recommendations for all ages. Intake of n-3 PUFA, especially DHA, is generally suboptimal. More data, particularly from developing countries, are required to refine these findings and guide implementation of adapted nutrition policies.

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Section: Total Sfamentioning

confidence: 99%

Total Fat and Fatty Acid Intake among 1–7-Year-Old Children from 33 Countries: Comparison with International Recommendations

Monnard

Fleith

2021

Nutrients

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“…In addition, milk lipids contribute to the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin D, which is, in turn, essential for adequate absorption of calcium and skeletal growth and development (Laird et al, 2010). Whereas, the lipid content and composition of commercially available IMF resemble that of HM, many differences remain (Carlson et al, 2021). Another aspect of lipid quality is the supramolecular structure of lipids, which is quite different in HM compared to IMF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Life Exposure to a Diet With a Supramolecular Lipid Structure Close to That of Mammalian Milk Improves Early Life Growth, Skeletal Development, and Later Life Neurocognitive Function in Individually and Socially Housed Male C57BL/6J Mice

et al. 2022

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Breastfeeding (duration) can be positively associated with infant growth outcomes as well as improved cognitive functions during childhood and later life stages. (Prolonged) exposure to optimal lipid quantity and quality, i.e., the supramolecular structure of lipids, in mammalian milk, may contribute to these beneficial effects through nutritional early-life programming. In this pre-clinical study, we exposed male C57BL/6J mice from post-natal Days 16 to 42 (i.e., directly following normal lactation), to a diet with large lipid droplets coated with bovine milk fat globule membrane-derived phospholipids, which mimic more closely the supramolecular structure of lipid droplets in mammalian milk. We investigated whether exposure to this diet could affect growth and brain development-related parameters. As these outcomes are also known to be affected by the post-weaning social environment in mice, we included both individually housed and pair-wise housed animals and studied whether effects of diet were modulated by the social environment. After Day 42, all the animals were fed standard semi-synthetic rodent diet. Growth and body composition were assessed, and the mice were subjected to various behavioral tests. Individual housing attenuated adolescent growth, reduced femur length, and increased body fat mass. Adult social interest was increased due to individual housing, while cognitive and behavioral alterations as a result of different housing conditions were modest. The diet increased adolescent growth and femur length, increased lean body mass, reduced adolescent anxiety, and improved adult cognitive performance. These effects of diet exposure were comparable between individually and socially housed mice. Hence, early life exposure to a diet with lipid droplets that mimic the supramolecular structure of those in mammalian milk may improve adolescent growth and alters brain function in both socially and individually housed mice. These findings suggest that lipid structure in infant milk formula may be a relevant target for nutritional solutions, targeting both healthy infants and infants facing growth challenges.

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“…Изучение жирового состава грудного молока показало его значительную изменчивость, а также зависимость от конституционно-генетических характеристик кормящей матери и ее питания [62]. Вместе с тем материнское молоко соответствует индивидуальным потребностям ребенка [63,64].…”

Section: оптимизация жирового состава молочных смесейunclassified

“…Вместе с тем материнское молоко соответствует индивидуальным потребностям ребенка [63,64]. При создании жирового ком-понента смесей важно обеспечить содержание ПНЖК в пределах возрастного диапазона, так как и недостаток, и избыток ПНЖК могут иметь отрицательные последствия [62]. В настоящее время количество и качество жиров в молочных смесях не меняется в зависимости от возраста ребенка, получающего смесь (в отличие от ребенка, находящегося на грудном вскармливании) [62], хотя приводятся аргументы в пользу возрастной адаптации не только белкового, но и жирового компонента смеси [64].…”

Section: оптимизация жирового состава молочных смесейunclassified

“…Экспериментальные исследования последних лет показали, что ограничение поступления линоленовой кислоты с пищей способствует структурному и функциональному развитию нервной системы у взрослых животных [73,74]. Следует ли модифицировать подобным образом состав жирных кислот в молочных смесях, еще предстоит изучить [62]. В отдельных публикациях сообщается, что обогащение смесей длинноцепочечными ПНЖК не влияет на когнитивные функции младенцев, но оказывает положительное влияние на остроту их зрения [75].…”

Section: оптимизация жирового состава молочных смесейunclassified

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World Trends in Infant Formulas Composition Enhancement

Belyaeva

Namazova-Baranova

Бомбардирова

et al. 2022

Vopr. sovr. pediatr.

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This article provides the overview of the major strategies for infant formulas composition enhancement via modern technologies and trends in minimizing technology-related loads on the environment. Potential modifications of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of milk formulas nutrients have been determined. We also covered product contents changing over age, as well as the perspectives of using animal milk in formulas. The relevance of adding biologically active substances and living microorganisms (probiotics), their safety, and efficacy are discussed.

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Perspective: Moving Toward Desirable Linoleic Acid Content in Infant Formula

Cited by 17 publications

References 137 publications

Total Fat and Fatty Acid Intake among 1–7-Year-Old Children from 33 Countries: Comparison with International Recommendations

Total Fat and Fatty Acid Intake among 1–7-Year-Old Children from 33 Countries: Comparison with International Recommendations

Early Life Exposure to a Diet With a Supramolecular Lipid Structure Close to That of Mammalian Milk Improves Early Life Growth, Skeletal Development, and Later Life Neurocognitive Function in Individually and Socially Housed Male C57BL/6J Mice

World Trends in Infant Formulas Composition Enhancement

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