Perspective Insights of Exosomes in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Critical Appraisal

Jan, Arif Tasleem; Malik, Mushtaq Ahmad; Rahman, Safikur; Yeo, Hye R.; Lee, Mi Kyung; Abdullah, Sheikh Tasduq; Choi, Inho

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00317

Cited by 83 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…While exosomes' role in neuroprotection is evident by the fact that they promote functional integrity and the survival of neurons, their involvement in neurodegeneration is attributed to their abilities to transfer pathogenic entities and promote the spread of diseases [65,66]. The pathogenesis underlying many neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., status epilepticus, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease), both sporadic or genetically inherited forms, were consequences of molecular and cellular mechanisms that involve the abnormal misfolding and aggregation of proteins [67,68].…”

Section: Exosomes In Neurodegenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Exosomes in Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment

Koh

Tan

Toh

et al. 2020

IJMS

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A decline in cognitive function following cancer treatment is one of the most commonly reported post-treatment symptoms among patients with cancer and those in remission, and include memory, processing speed, and executive function. A clear understanding of cognitive impairment as a result of cancer and its therapy can be obtained by delineating structural and functional changes using brain imaging studies and neurocognitive assessments. There is also a need to determine the underlying mechanisms and pathways that impact the brain and affect cognitive functioning in cancer survivors. Exosomes are small cell-derived vesicles formed by the inward budding of multivesicular bodies, and are released into the extracellular environment via an exocytic pathway. Growing evidence suggests that exosomes contribute to various physiological and pathological conditions, including neurological processes such as synaptic plasticity, neuronal stress response, cell-to-cell communication, and neurogenesis. In this review, we summarize the relationship between exosomes and cancer-related cognitive impairment. Unraveling exosomes' actions and effects on the microenvironment of the brain, which impacts cognitive functioning, is critical for the development of exosome-based therapeutics for cancer-related cognitive impairment.Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 2755 2 of 16 attention, learning, and executive function [10]. CRCI adversely affects cancer patients and survivors, causing distress and reduced quality of life, and impacts many facets of their daily lives [11]. CRCI is complicated by many factors including the direct effects of cancer, genetic predisposition (e.g., carrier of apolipoprotein E type epsilon 4 allele [12] and brain-derived neurotrophic factor Met allele [13]), comorbidities independent of the actual disease, and/or treatments or combinations of treatments administered for the disease [14].Efforts to better understand cancer-and cancer-therapy-associated cognitive impairment have relied on methods ranging from cognitive functioning assessment to imaging technologies on brain structure and function (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging scan). However, these approaches may be limited to help us understand the etiology and pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction. The emerging application of the use of liquid biopsies (e.g., plasma and cerebrospinal fluid) as a strategy for biomarker discovery to detect, assess and monitor CRCI is fast-expanding and evolving [15,16]. In published literature, studies have revealed that genetics and neurobiological and immunological mechanisms may be involved in the biogenesis and development of CRCI. Preclinical studies have also provided insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CRCI, including neurotoxicity and inflammatory factors, which were shown to be responsible for CRCI [17]. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of CRCI have yet to be established. While the role of exosomes in cancer has been well-documented [18][19][20], the role of cancer exosomes and their ability ...

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Section: Exosomes In Neurodegenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Exosomes in Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment

Koh

Tan

Toh

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…They can even transport intracellular components through the blood-brain barrier, which has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. [11] 。 Therefore, it is particularly important to study the Rab protein that promotes the release of exosomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ferric Ammonium Citrate (FAC) on Rab Family in SH-SY5Y Dopaminergic Cells

Zhufu¹

2018

ijSciences

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To examine the effects of ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) on Rab family in SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells.Western blot was used to investigate Rab7,Rab11,Rab27a and Rab35 protein levels in SH-SY5Y dopaminegic cells with FAC for 4h and 12h.When SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 100 μmol/L or 1 mmol/L FAC for 4h and 12 h, Rab7, Rab11 and Rab27a protein levels was not significantly different from those of the control group.However, Rab35 protein was significantly up-regulated in SH-SY5Y cells with 1 mmol/L FACtreatment.Iron overloadupregulates Rab35 protein expressionin SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells.

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“…Exosomes, a subtype of extracellular vesicle of 30-120 nm diameter, constitute the highly bioactive fraction enabling cellto-cell communication (24)(25)(26)(27). Colostrum has a comparatively higher prevalence of range of miRNA as compared to mature milk (28).…”

Section: Vertical Transfer Of Xenomirs In Maternal Fetal Axismentioning

confidence: 99%