Perspective: Gestational Tryptophan Fluctuation Altering Neuroembryogenesis and Psychosocial Development

Huang, Xiaohong; Feng, Zhendong; Cheng, Helen

doi:10.3390/cells11081270

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Tryptophan, also an essential AA, plays a crucial role in many metabolic functions necessary for fetal growth, placental function, and immune regulation. 42, 43 A decrease is tryptophan, as well as branched-chain amino acids leucine and isoleucine that are vital for neonatal development, 44,45 corresponds well to the trends observed in other AAs discussed and may suggest early indications of placental inflammation leading to PTL. [46][47][48] A recent multiomics study confirms the role of these key AAs and corresponding pathways in an inflammatory pathophysiology of PTL.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Early prediction of pregnancy disorders with machine learning guided Raman spectroscopy, and metabolomics.

Synan

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Pregnancy abnormalities are often discovered during the second or third trimester with current screening tools available in clinics. Treatments are rendered less effective when there is less time to prepare for delivery, and earlier prediction measures are needed to ensure safer pregnancy outcomes. Preterm labor (PTL) has a perinatal mortality rate of 10.7%, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common global pregnancy abnormality 1,2 Raman spectroscopy (RS) can be used as a metabolic profiling technique for clinical samples in the first trimester to detect at-risk pregnancies. T-stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE) is a machine learning technique that was used show visual separation both disorders, while partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was also applied to GDM data to explore potential for predictive modeling. AUC-Roc analysis successfully classified the PTL group with an AUC = 0.831 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.515-1, while GDM had an AUC = 0.99 and a 95% confidence interval of 1-1. Mass spectrometry was performed on a subset of patient samples to confirm Raman findings for each group. PTL was differentiated from healthy with 13 statistically significant metabolites, while GDM had 17. Next, the biomarkers were combined with clinical data, depicting even greater classification potential within tSNE and PLS-DA. These findings provide the foundation for modeling Raman and clinical data so that it can predict the likelihood of PTL or GDM developing in new pregnancies in future studies.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Early prediction of pregnancy disorders with machine learning guided Raman spectroscopy, and metabolomics.

Synan

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“…Alterations in tryptophan and serotonin are evident in gestational diabetes [ 172 ], indicating consequences for the mother, placenta, and offspring [ 173 ], including in the regulation of the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway. This will be important to clarify in future research.…”

Section: Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type I Diabetes Pathoetiology and Pathophysiology: Roles of the Gut Microbiome, Pancreatic Cellular Interactions, and the ‘Bystander’ Activation of Memory CD8+ T Cells

Anderson¹

2023

IJMS

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) arises from the failure of pancreatic β-cells to produce adequate insulin, usually as a consequence of extensive pancreatic β-cell destruction. T1DM is classed as an immune-mediated condition. However, the processes that drive pancreatic β-cell apoptosis remain to be determined, resulting in a failure to prevent ongoing cellular destruction. Alteration in mitochondrial function is clearly the major pathophysiological process underpinning pancreatic β-cell loss in T1DM. As with many medical conditions, there is a growing interest in T1DM as to the role of the gut microbiome, including the interactions of gut bacteria with Candida albicans fungal infection. Gut dysbiosis and gut permeability are intimately associated with raised levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide and suppressed butyrate levels, which can act to dysregulate immune responses and systemic mitochondrial function. This manuscript reviews broad bodies of data on T1DM pathophysiology, highlighting the importance of alterations in the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway of pancreatic β-cells in driving mitochondrial dysfunction. The suppression of mitochondrial melatonin makes pancreatic β-cells susceptible to oxidative stress and dysfunctional mitophagy, partly mediated by the loss of melatonin’s induction of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), thereby suppressing mitophagy and increasing autoimmune associated major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-1. The immediate precursor to melatonin, N-acetylserotonin (NAS), is a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mimic, via the activation of the BDNF receptor, TrkB. As both the full-length and truncated TrkB play powerful roles in pancreatic β-cell function and survival, NAS is another important aspect of the melatonergic pathway relevant to pancreatic β-cell destruction in T1DM. The incorporation of the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway in T1DM pathophysiology integrates wide bodies of previously disparate data on pancreatic intercellular processes. The suppression of Akkermansia muciniphila, Lactobacillus johnsonii, butyrate, and the shikimate pathway—including by bacteriophages—contributes to not only pancreatic β-cell apoptosis, but also to the bystander activation of CD8+ T cells, which increases their effector function and prevents their deselection in the thymus. The gut microbiome is therefore a significant determinant of the mitochondrial dysfunction driving pancreatic β-cell loss as well as ‘autoimmune’ effects derived from cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. This has significant future research and treatment implications.

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The role of serotonin in prenatal ontogenesis

Evsyukova

2023

Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases

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This review article summarizes current ideas about the role of serotonin in prenatal ontogenesis. We herein present the results of experimental and clinical studies that reveal the mechanisms of serotonin involvement in the establishment and development of the single mother-placenta-fetus system. The article highlights the key role of maternal serotonin in the genetic program for the morphological and functional development of fetal organs from the earliest stages of prenatal ontogenesis, in both normal and complicated pregnancy. We also discuss gestational factors that affect the production of maternal, placental, and fetal serotonin, as its deficiency or excess during pregnancy determines perinatal and long-term pathology programming in the offspring. The article substantiates the prospects for using serotonin as a biochemical marker of brain damage in a newborn for the timely application of neuroprotection and the prevention of adverse consequences.

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Perspective: Gestational Tryptophan Fluctuation Altering Neuroembryogenesis and Psychosocial Development

Cited by 5 publications

References 104 publications

Early prediction of pregnancy disorders with machine learning guided Raman spectroscopy, and metabolomics.

Early prediction of pregnancy disorders with machine learning guided Raman spectroscopy, and metabolomics.

Type I Diabetes Pathoetiology and Pathophysiology: Roles of the Gut Microbiome, Pancreatic Cellular Interactions, and the ‘Bystander’ Activation of Memory CD8+ T Cells

The role of serotonin in prenatal ontogenesis

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