Perspective Chapter: Specific predictors of the autoimmune reactions formation in case of immunocompetent organs damage in patients with myasthenia gravis and hepatosplenomegaly

Abstract

The urgency of the problem is determined by the increasing prevalence and rapid progression of autoimmune diseases and autoimmune components in various nosologies. The aim is to study individual trigger factors, predictors of development, and the condition severity markers to substantiate complex treatment, including surgical tactics and the therapeutic target choice, in case of the immunocompetent organs (thymus and spleen) damage. In patients with myasthenia gravis the trigger markers were identified: the presence of herpes viruses persistence and mycoplasma; the relationship of certain human leucocyte antigen (HLA) molecules; high content of cytotoxic damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs); decreased expression of CD8+ T lymphocytes and co-stimulatory molecules CD3+CD4+CD28+. Some patients with myasthenia gravis had antibodies to α1 and α7 subunits nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), etc. Patients with hepatosplenomegaly depending on the trigger factors (hepatitis HBV/HBC, herpes viruses (CMV/EBV)) and genetic predictors (hereditary enzymopathy) had specific markers, such as activation or inhibition of barrier function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, an increase in the concentration of cytokines, changes in the clusters of differentiation expression and specific autoantibodies. Thus, the creation of supplemented diagnostic protocols with additional markers for patients with various autoimmune reactions will make it possible to substantiate personalized immunocorrection.