Perspective Chapter: Potential of Lignin Valorization with Emphasis on Bioepoxy Production

Abstract

Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymer after cellulose. It has high molecular weight and poor dispersity, which lowers its compatibility with other polymeric materials. Accordingly, it is hard to integrate lignin into polymer-based applications in its native form. Recently, lignin valorization, which aims to boost lignin value and reactivity with other materials, has captured the interest of many researchers. The volatility of oil and gas prices is one strong incentive for them to consider lignin as a potential replacement for many petroleum-based materials. In this chapter, lignin valorization processes, namely hydrogenolysis, pyrolysis, hydro-thermal liquefaction, and hydro-thermal carbonization, are discussed in brief. The chapter also discusses the synthesis of lignin-based epoxy resin as an already existing example of a lignin-based product.

Cellulose nanocrystals from agricultural residues (Eichhornia crassipes): Extraction and characterization

“…Nevertheless, agro-residues are considered as lignocellulosic biomass and consist mainly of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, besides other organic matters [ 2 , 3 ]. Currently, considerable works [ [4] , [5] , [6] ][ 7 ] have been conducted on agro-residues for reducing the risks associated with their disposal, and to promote their use in biofuels, construction, polysaccharide productions, and animal feed. Also, it was found that pyrolysis of these biomasses can yield biochar, bio-oil and bio-diesel [ 8 ].…”