“…The composition of the effluent water found in the present study, with high TAN concentrations and high N: P ratio, is typical of shrimp aquaculture waste, where ammonium is the main excess nutrient, due to the high protein ratios in the feed pellets (MacIntosh and Philips 1992; Jones et al 2001b). The maximum TAN and phosphate concentrations found in the present study are still low if compared with values found in ponds of intensive shrimp farms in Brazil (Marinho-Soriano et al 2002) and other tropical countries (Kinne et al 2001), probably due to the lower stocking densities in the ponds (25 animals m −2 ) and the high efficiency of the feeding mechanism used (Poersch 2004). The concentrations found here, however, are still very high compared to recorded values in local estuarine waters (Baumgarten et al 1995).…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 72%
“…Farming of the exotic Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boonei) has become established around Patos Lagoon estuary and is expected to cover more than 100 ha by 2009 (Poersch et al 2006). Although state legislation and local shrimp culture conditions (e.g., semiintensive cultivation, use of sedimentation basins, preservation of wetlands and dunes) (Poersch et al 2006) are ecologically more acceptable than those applied in northeastern Brazil (Marinho-Soriano et al 2002;Lacerda et al 2006) and other tropical regions (Primavera 1994;Paéz-Osuna 2001), the use of biofiltering organisms to reduce inorganic nutrient loads still needs to be developed.…”
The growth, biofiltering efficiency and uptake rates of Ulva clathrata were studied in a series of outdoor tanks, receiving waste water directly from a shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture pond, under constant aeration and two different water regimes: (1) continuous flow, with 1 volume exchange a day (VE day -1 ) and (2) static regime, with 1 VE after 4 days. Water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), phosphate (PO 4 ), chlorophyll-a (chl-a), total suspended solids (TSS), macroalgal biomass (fresh weight) and tissue nutrient assimilation were monitored over 12 days. Ulva clathrata was highly efficient in removing the main inorganic nutrients from effluent water, stripping 70-82% of the total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) and 50% PO 4 within 15 h. Reductions in control tanks were much lower (Tukey HSD, P<0.05). After 3 days, the mean uptake rates by the seaweed biomass under continuous flow were 3.09 mg DIN g DW day −1 (383 mg DIN m −2 day −1 ) and 0.13 mg PO 4 g DW day −1 (99 mg PO 4 m −2 day −1 ), being significantly higher than in the static regime (Tukey HSD, P<0.05). The chl-a decreased in seaweed tanks, suggesting that U. clathrata inhibited phytoplankton growth. Correlations between the cumulative values of DIN removed from the water and total nitrogen assimilated into the seaweed biomass (r=0.7 and 0.8, P<0.05), suggest that nutrient removal by U. clathrata dominated over other processes such as phytoplankton and bacterial assimilation, ammonia volatilization and nutrient precipitation.
“…The composition of the effluent water found in the present study, with high TAN concentrations and high N: P ratio, is typical of shrimp aquaculture waste, where ammonium is the main excess nutrient, due to the high protein ratios in the feed pellets (MacIntosh and Philips 1992; Jones et al 2001b). The maximum TAN and phosphate concentrations found in the present study are still low if compared with values found in ponds of intensive shrimp farms in Brazil (Marinho-Soriano et al 2002) and other tropical countries (Kinne et al 2001), probably due to the lower stocking densities in the ponds (25 animals m −2 ) and the high efficiency of the feeding mechanism used (Poersch 2004). The concentrations found here, however, are still very high compared to recorded values in local estuarine waters (Baumgarten et al 1995).…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 72%
“…Farming of the exotic Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boonei) has become established around Patos Lagoon estuary and is expected to cover more than 100 ha by 2009 (Poersch et al 2006). Although state legislation and local shrimp culture conditions (e.g., semiintensive cultivation, use of sedimentation basins, preservation of wetlands and dunes) (Poersch et al 2006) are ecologically more acceptable than those applied in northeastern Brazil (Marinho-Soriano et al 2002;Lacerda et al 2006) and other tropical regions (Primavera 1994;Paéz-Osuna 2001), the use of biofiltering organisms to reduce inorganic nutrient loads still needs to be developed.…”
The growth, biofiltering efficiency and uptake rates of Ulva clathrata were studied in a series of outdoor tanks, receiving waste water directly from a shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture pond, under constant aeration and two different water regimes: (1) continuous flow, with 1 volume exchange a day (VE day -1 ) and (2) static regime, with 1 VE after 4 days. Water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), phosphate (PO 4 ), chlorophyll-a (chl-a), total suspended solids (TSS), macroalgal biomass (fresh weight) and tissue nutrient assimilation were monitored over 12 days. Ulva clathrata was highly efficient in removing the main inorganic nutrients from effluent water, stripping 70-82% of the total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) and 50% PO 4 within 15 h. Reductions in control tanks were much lower (Tukey HSD, P<0.05). After 3 days, the mean uptake rates by the seaweed biomass under continuous flow were 3.09 mg DIN g DW day −1 (383 mg DIN m −2 day −1 ) and 0.13 mg PO 4 g DW day −1 (99 mg PO 4 m −2 day −1 ), being significantly higher than in the static regime (Tukey HSD, P<0.05). The chl-a decreased in seaweed tanks, suggesting that U. clathrata inhibited phytoplankton growth. Correlations between the cumulative values of DIN removed from the water and total nitrogen assimilated into the seaweed biomass (r=0.7 and 0.8, P<0.05), suggest that nutrient removal by U. clathrata dominated over other processes such as phytoplankton and bacterial assimilation, ammonia volatilization and nutrient precipitation.
“…No Brasil, as condições climáticas favoráveis e o domínio das tecnologias de produção transformaram o país em principal produtor de camarões das Amé-ricas (Poersch et al, 2006). Parte do camarão produzido é comercializada congelada, sem o cefalotórax, ou na forma de filé, gerando grande quantidade de resíduos, que muitas vezes são descartados incorretamente, podendo acarretar problemas ambientais.…”
Total carotenoids in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) wasteAiming at the utilization of shrimp processing wastes, this study carried out an analysis of total carotenoids in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) waste and in the dried shrimp waste meal. The analysis of total carotenoids was carried out in fresh wastes and processed flour (day 0) and after 60, 120 and 180 days of frozen storage. The fresh shrimp waste had 42.74µg/g of total carotenoids and the dried meal 98.51µg/g. After 180 days of frozen storage, total carotenoids were significantly lower than day 0 (p < 0,05). Considerando-se o possível aproveitamento dos resíduos, provenientes do beneficiamento do camarão, realizouse, neste trabalho, a determinação da concentração de carotenoides totais dos resíduos do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei e da farinha obtida após secagem. As análises foram realizadas nos resíduos in natura e na farinha recém-processada (dia 0) e aos 60, 120 e 180 dias de armazenamento sob congelamento. Os resíduos frescos apresentaram, no dia 0, teores de 42,74 µg/g de carotenoides totais e, a farinha recém-processada, de 98,51 µg/g. Após 180 dias de armazenamento, sob congelamento, os teores de carotenoides totais diminuíram significativamente, quando comparados com os do dia 0 (p < 0,05).Palavras-chave: carotenoides, astaxantina, camarão, farinha.
“…Devido às condições climáticas locais, o período de cultivo do camarão marinho fica restrito aos meses de verão (Freitas, 2006;Poersch et al, 2006), onde além de temperaturas mais elevadas, a baixa pluviosidade favorece maior salinização da água estuarina local devido ao aporte da água marinha (Poersch et al, 2006;Rosa & Bemvenuti, 2006). Durante o resto do ano, os viveiros permanecem secos, exceto pelo acúmulo ocasional de água da chuva, o que poderia favorecer a ocorrência de organismos límnicos como Chironomidae, os quais foram observados apenas no inicio do cultivo (Tab.…”
2 ) compared to natural environment (6spp. and 40 ind./0.008m 2 ). However, the biomass values at sedimentary basin (mean = 0.06 g/0.008m 2 ) were twice higher than natural environment. At pond, low richness of macrofauna seems related to absence of previous pond preparation; while shrimp predation and/or disturbance resulting in low densities after begin of culture. Otherwise, the presence of a biota relatively abundant and with high biomass at sedimentary basin could contribute to increase effluent quality of the shrimp farm.
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