“…Hayes, 1977;Layden, 1980;Greiner, 1980;and West, 1984; suggest that jurisdictional characteristics (city size, geographic region, form of government) may affect the development of and progress in the above value management areas. Based on the available literature, it is suggested that progress is furthered by the availability of a larger resource base in bigger cities; by the heightened professionalism that is associated with the council-manager form of government; and by the innovative tendencies which characterize Western cities (McGowan and Poister, 1983;Saltzstein, 1990;Cayer, 1991). The literature also suggests that values management is associated with efforts to increase quality and productivity.…”