Persönlichkeitsfunktionsniveau, maladaptive Traits und Kindheitstraumata

Childhood Traumatic Experiences and Dimensional Models of Personality Disorder in DSM-5 and ICD-11: Opportunities and Challenges

“…Replicating the findings of Veith et al [ 39 •], Back et al [ 25 ••] also reported detachment as highest correlate of childhood trauma. Detachment in the AMPD, characterized by social withdrawal and lack of affect as well as depressiveness and avoidance of closeness [ 23 ], exhibits a strong conceptual proximity to trauma-associated avoidance (characterized by dissociations, denial, or emotional “numbness”), depicting typical symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [ 48 ].…”

“…The fact that the sample of Gander and colleagues [ 33 ••] consisted predominantly of clinical individuals, with adolescents being less susceptible of the retrospective bias concerning their report of traumatic experiences than adults [ 34 , 35 ], may enhance the validity of specific effects concerning emotional trauma. However, childhood trauma appeared to have a comparably strong relationship to all domains (e.g., self and other) of Criterion A, although a trend toward childhood trauma and dysfunction in the domain “self” was observed in the two studies [ 25 ••, 33 ••]. Further research including longitudinal designs are needed that require balanced clinical groups (including more categorical PD types) to ensure the validity of the observed relationships.…”

“…A literature research on childhood traumatization and personality functioning according to the AMPD and ICD-11 identified two studies, both from perspective of the AMPD [ 25 ••, 33 ••] (see Table 1 for an overview). Gander and colleagues [ 33 ••] investigated the mediating role of attachment on the relationship between childhood trauma and levels of personality functioning.…”

“…In the second study, Back and colleagues [ 25 ••] investigated the relationship between childhood trauma (CTQ [ 35 ]) and the Levels of Personality Functioning Scale–Self Report (LPFS-SR [ 37 ]) in a community-based sample of 437 young adults (18–30 years) analyzed with structural equation modeling. Interestingly, the magnitude of the overall association between childhood trauma and personality dysfunction was exactly as strong as reported by Gander and colleagues [ 33 ••] ( β = .51).…”

“…Both define personality pathology along a continuum of personality functioning and maladaptive traits, rather than solely describing distinct types. Thus, this paradigm shift in PD classification represents an eligible opportunity to expand and clarify the understanding of magnitude and specificity concerning the association between various forms of childhood trauma and personality pathology [ 25 ••]…”