Personality traits and mental health treatment utilization

Hopwood, Christopher J.; Quigley, Brian; Grilo, Carlos M.; Sanislow, Charles A.; McGlashan, Thomas H.; Yen, Shirley; Shea, M. Tracie; Zanarini, Mary C.; Gunderson, John G.; Skodol, Andrew E.; Markowitz, John C.; Morey, Leslie C.

doi:10.1002/pmh.51

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…While that expression may be technically correct, in the sense that the participants are not all selected on the basis of being in treatment, the label should not be taken to mean that the sample is free of psychopathology. Samples of clinical patients do, in fact, provide useful information about the nature of personality disorders, but they have the drawback of providing data from people who may also suffer from an even higher proportion of co-morbid conditions, such as major depression and substance use disorders, which often provide the critical motivation for seeking professional treatment (Hopwood et al 2008). In a large community sample like ours, it is possible to examine a variety of questions about the nature and impact of personality pathology that could not be answered in a clinical sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Personality Disorders at Midlife in a Community Sample: Disorders and Symptoms Reflected in Interview, Self, and Informant Reports

Oltmanns

Rodrigues

Weinstein

et al. 2013

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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This report is concerned with the prevalence of symptoms of specific personality disorders in a representative community sample and draws attention to the importance of different sources of diagnostic information. We recruited a sample of 1,630 people between the ages of 55 and 64 to participate in a study regarding personality and health. Using careful recruitment methods, our participation rate was 43 %. Participants completed the SIDP-IV interview as well as a questionnaire (self-report MAPP). Informants completed the same questionnaire (informant MAPP), describing the participant’s maladaptive personality characteristics. According to the diagnostic interview, 7 % of participants met criteria for exactly one PD, 1 % met criteria for 2 or 3 PDs, and 2 % met criteria for PD NOS (defined as 10 or more miscellaneous criteria). Avoidant and obsessive compulsive PDs were the most common types. Correlations between the three sources of information indicated significant agreement among these measurement methods, but they are not redundant. In comparison to interview and self-report data, informants reported more symptoms of personality pathology (except for avoidant PD). Symptoms of personality pathology are continuously distributed, and subthreshold features may have an important impact on health and social adjustment. In this community sample, rates of co-morbidity among PDs and the proportion of PDNOS diagnoses are substantially lower than reported from clinical samples. Future research must evaluate the validity of diagnostic thresholds and competing sources of diagnostic information in relation to important life outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Personality Disorders at Midlife in a Community Sample: Disorders and Symptoms Reflected in Interview, Self, and Informant Reports

Oltmanns

Rodrigues

Weinstein

et al. 2013

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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“…2011), treatment (Tang et al . 2009), clinical relevance (Hopwood et al . 2008), and social costs (Cuijpers et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5

et al. 2011

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Background DSM-IV-TR suggests that clinicians should assess clinically relevant personality traits that do not necessarily constitute a formal personality disorder, and should note these traits on Axis II, but DSM-IV-TR does not provide a trait model to guide the clinician. Our goal was to provide a provisional trait model and a preliminary corresponding assessment instrument, in our roles as members of the DSM-5 personality and personality disorders workgroup and workgroup advisors. Methods An initial list of specific traits and domains (broader groups of traits) was derived from DSM-5 literature reviews and workgroup deliberations, with a focus on capturing maladaptive personality characteristics deemed clinically salient, including those related to the criteria for DSM-IV-TR personality disorders (PDs). The model and instrument were then developed iteratively using data from community samples of treatment seeking participants. The analytic approach relied on tools of modern psychometrics (e.g., item response theory models). Results Twenty-five reliably measured core elements of personality description emerged that, together, delineate five broad domains of maladaptive personality variation: negative affect, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism. Conclusions We developed a maladaptive personality trait model and corresponding instrument as a step on the path toward helping users of DSM-5 assess traits that may or may not constitute a formal PD. The inventory we developed is reprinted in its entirety in the supplementary materials, with the goal of encouraging additional refinement and development by other investigators prior to the finalization of DSM-5. Continuing discussion should focus on various options for integrating personality traits into DSM-5.

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“…Higher Agreeableness is associated with better working alliance (Coleman, 2006;Gurtman, 1996;Hirsh, Quilty, Bagby, & McMain, 2012;Johansen, Melle, Iversen, & Hestad, 2013), but it may also have costs, for example an inverse association with agency and thus with success in depression treatment (Dermody et al, 2016). Higher Openness is associated with more treatment seeking (Soldz & Vaillant, 1999) and session attendance (Miller et al, 2006), better working alliance (Coleman, 2006), and more successful treatment of depression (Quilty et al, 2008), though associations have not always replicated (Hopwood et al, 2008). Openness may have a role in treatment motivation (Bagby et al, 2016), self-help exercise compliance (Zinbarg et al, 2008), and choice of therapy model --higher scorers may be better suited to the goals of the existentialist-humanist school or the process of psychoanalysis, while lower scorers may prefer structured approaches (Miller 1991).…”

Section: Relations Of Personality To Clinical Presentation and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality and mental health treatment: Traits as predictors of presentation, usage, and outcome.

Thalmayer

2018

Psychological Assessment

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Self-report scores on personality inventories predict important life outcomes, including health and longevity, marital outcomes, career success, and mental health problems, but the ways they predict mental health treatment have not been widely explored. Psychotherapy is sought for diverse problems, but about half of those who begin therapy drop out, and only about half who complete therapy experience lasting improvements. Several authors have argued that understanding how personality traits relate to treatment could lead to better targeted, more successful services. Here self-report scores on Big Five and Big Six personality dimensions are explored as predictors of therapy presentation, usage, and outcomes in a sample of community clinic clients (N = 306). Participants received evidence-based treatments in the context of individual-, couples-, or family-therapy sessions. One measure of initial functioning and three indicators of outcome were used. All personality trait scores except Openness associated with initial psychological functioning. Higher Conscientiousness scores predicted more sessions attended for family therapy but fewer for couples-therapy clients. Higher Honesty-Propriety and Extraversion scores predicted fewer sessions attended for family-therapy clients. Better termination outcome was predicted by higher Conscientiousness scores for family- and higher Extraversion scores for individual-therapy clients. Higher Honesty-Propriety and Neuroticism scores predicted more improvement in psychological functioning in terms of successive Outcome Questionnaire-45 administrations. Taken together, the results provide some support for the role of personality traits in predicting treatment usage and outcome and for the utility of a 6-factor model in this context. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Personality traits and mental health treatment utilization

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Prevalence of Personality Disorders at Midlife in a Community Sample: Disorders and Symptoms Reflected in Interview, Self, and Informant Reports

Prevalence of Personality Disorders at Midlife in a Community Sample: Disorders and Symptoms Reflected in Interview, Self, and Informant Reports

Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5

Personality and mental health treatment: Traits as predictors of presentation, usage, and outcome.

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