Personality traits affect older adults' memory differently depending on the environmental support provided at encoding

Taconnat, Laurence; Pinard, Florent; Vanneste, Sandrine; Bouazzaoui, Badiâa; Fay, Séverine; Martinez, Léa; Alibran, Émilie; Geraci, Lisa

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2022.111572

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…However, this might be due to the EM tasks used, which appear to vary in terms of complexity between our own and previous studies. A self-paced encoding time was used here, whose successful management demands monitoring and control processes [36], unlike the tasks based on "constrained" encoding times adopted in other studies [16]. Our task also involved the recall of a longer WL (20 words) than in other studies using lists of 16, 15, or 10 words [14,15,18], and the latter coincided with proportionally better performance (with at least 50% of words recalled correctly, as opposed to 30% in our case).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E was positively associated with WL recall performance in some studies [15], but negatively in others [14]. Though usually found scarcely related to older adults' cognition and EM [12,14], A was found associated with older adults' WL recall performance in some studieseither positively [16,17] or negatively [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In particular, some personality traits-more-related to the adoption of healthy lifestyles, engagement in cognitively stimulating activities, and response to stress were shown to have a "protective role" against age-related changes in cognitive abilities, including EM [13]. Higher levels of Openness (O) and Conscientiousness (C), and lower levels of Neuroticism (N), for instance, were shown to account for a better WL recall performance in older adults [14][15][16]. Evidence is mixed, however, regarding the role of other personality traits, such as Extraversion (E) and Agreeableness (A).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In line with Troyer and Rich [10], we also expected a positive association between older adults' satisfaction with their mental abilities, such as memory, and their WL recall performance. As for personality traits, we expected WL recall performance to be associated positively with O and C, and negatively with N [14][15][16]. Given the previous contrasting results [14,15,17,18], we further explored the relationships between E, A, and EM performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of metamemory and personality in episodic memory performance in older adults

et al. 2023

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This study newly investigated the joint contribution of metamemory and personality (traits and facets) in explaining episodic memory (EM) performance in typically aging older adults. Forty-eight participants (age range: 64–75 years) completed a self-paced word list (SPWL) recall task, a metamemory questionnaire assessing perceived control and potential improvement (PCPI) and self-efficacy and satisfaction (SESA) regarding one’s mental abilities (e.g., memory), and the Big-Five Questionnaire. Based on the SPWL encoding strategies reported, participants were then classified as effective (N = 20) or ineffective (N = 28) memory strategy users. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that a better SPWL performance was predicted by higher levels of PCPI, Scrupulousness and Dominance personality facets. Effective memory strategy users, then, showed higher SPWL performance and Dominance (Energy facet) than ineffective ones. These findings suggest that both specific metamemory processes and personality facets predict better EM performance in older adults. Moreover, personality dispositions relating to Dominance seem to characterize individuals adopting effective memory strategies to support EM performance. These results represent first evidence of the role of both metamemory and personality—facets—in explaining older adults’ EM performance, which should thus be considered when assessing or training EM in old age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of metamemory and personality in episodic memory performance in older adults

et al. 2023

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“…In line with other research, in the present study, older vs. young adults showed lower Openness scores (Schaie et al ., 2004; Roberts et al ., 2006; Allemand et al ., 2007; Bleidorn et al ., 2009) and a declined memory performance (Oschwald et al ., 2019). It is conceivable that the memory task was not challenging enough for young adults, such that it did not pose an optimal situation to activate the influences of personality traits (McNaughton and Smillie, 2018; Taconnat et al ., 2022) and thus masked potential shared variance between memory encoding and trait Openness. Moreover, the FADE/SAME scores are by definition contrasted with the memory-related fMRI activity of the young group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Openness to experience is associated with neural and performance measures of memory in older adults

Stolz

Bulla

Soch

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Age-related decline in episodic memory performance is a well-replicated finding across numerous studies. Recent studies focusing on aging and individual differences found that the Big Five personality trait Openness to Experience is associated with better episodic memory performance in older adults, but the associated neural mechanisms are largely unclear. Here we investigated the relationship between Openness and memory network function in a sample of 352 participants (104 older adults, 50-80 years; 209 young adults, 18-35 years). Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a visual memory encoding task. Functional memory brain-network integrity was assessed using the SAME scores (similarity of activations during memory encoding), which reflect the deviation of a participants memory network activity from prototypical fMRI activity patterns of young adults. Openness was assessed using the NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Older vs. young adults showed lower memory performance and higher deviation of fMRI activity patterns (i.e., lower SAME scores). Specifically in older adults, high Openness was associated with better memory performance, and mediation analysis showed that this relationship was partially mediated by higher SAME scores. Our results suggest that trait Openness may constitute a protective factor in cognitive aging by better preservation of the brains memory network.

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An Architecture for Transforming Companion Robots into Psychosocial Robotic Surrogates

Gittens

2023

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Personality traits affect older adults' memory differently depending on the environmental support provided at encoding

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

The role of metamemory and personality in episodic memory performance in older adults

The role of metamemory and personality in episodic memory performance in older adults

Openness to experience is associated with neural and performance measures of memory in older adults

An Architecture for Transforming Companion Robots into Psychosocial Robotic Surrogates

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