Personality Theories of Successful Aging

Ebner, Natalie C.; Freund, Alexandra M.

doi:10.1002/9781118269640.ch4

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…(Baltes and Baltes 1993;Dark-Freudeman, Ebner, and West 2014;Ebner and Freund 2007;Freund and Ebner 2005) Psychosocial influences may become particularly relevant in old age possibly due to the experience of increasing physical ailments, dependency, and age-related social losses. (Ebner, Maura, Macdonald, Westberg, and Fischer 2013) For example, self-efficacy and control beliefs are associated with fear of falling, gait speed, balance, worse pain management, and limitations in ADLs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults

Anton

Woods

Ashizawa

et al. 2015

Ageing Research Reviews

208

162

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The concept of ‘Successful Aging’ has long intrigued the scientific community. Despite this long-standing interest, a consensus definition has proven to be a difficult task, due to the inherent challenge involved in defining such a complex, multi-dimensional phenomenon. The lack of a clear set of defining characteristics for the construct of successful aging has made comparison of findings across studies difficult and has limited advances in aging research. The domain in which consensus on markers of successful aging is furthest developed is the domain of physical functioning. For example, walking speed appears to be an excellent surrogate marker of overall health and predicts the maintenance of physical independence, a cornerstone of successful aging. The purpose of the present article is to provide an overview and discussion of specific health conditions, behavioral factors, and biological mechanisms that mark declining mobility and physical function and promising interventions to counter these effects. With life expectancy continuing to increase in the United States and developed countries throughout the world, there is an increasing public health focus on the maintenance of physical independence among all older adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults

Anton

Woods

Ashizawa

et al. 2015

Ageing Research Reviews

208

162

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…According to the circumstances, someone will either use primary control strategies (directed at changing the environment in order to bring it in line with one’s wishes) or secondary control strategies (directed at changing the self to bring it in line with the environment). Secondary control strategies are used when primary control strategies are not available or fail and comprise (a) adjustment of goals or standards and engaging in self-protective attributions and favorable comparisons (selective secondary control), and (b), in case a goal becomes unattainable, goal disengagement, and freeing up resources (time, effort, motivation, skills) for the pursuit of more attainable goals, sometimes in different domains of life (compensatory secondary control) [50,52]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of frailty on oral care behavior of older people: a qualitative study

2013

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BackgroundFrailty has been demonstrated to negatively influence dental service-use and oral self-care behavior of older people. The aim of this study was to explore how the type and level of frailty affect the dental service-use and oral self-care behavior of frail older people.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study through 51 open interviews with elders of varying frailty in the East-Netherlands, and used a thematic analysis to code transcripts, discussions and reviews of the attributes and meaning of the themes to the point of consensus among the researchers.ResultsThree major themes and five sub-themes emerged from our analyses. The major themes indicate that frail elders: A) favor long-established oral hygiene routines to sustain a sense of self-worth; B) discontinue oral hygiene routines when burdened by severe health complaints, in particular chronic pain, low morale and low energy; and C) experience psychological and social barriers to oral health care when institutionalized. The subthemes associated with the discontinuation of oral care suggest that the elders accept more oral pain or discomfort because they: B1) lack belief in the results of dental visits and tooth cleaning; B2) trivialize oral health and oral care in the general context of their impaired health and old age; and B3) consciously use their sparse energy for priorities other than oral healthcare. Institutionalized elderly often discontinue oral care because of C1) disorientation and C2) inconveniencing social supports.ConclusionThe level and type of frailty influences people’s perspectives on oral health and related behaviors. Frail elders associate oral hygiene with self-worth, but readily abandon visits to a dentist unless they feel that a dentist can relieve specific problems. When interpreted according to the Motivational Theory of Life Span Development, discontinuation of oral care by frail elderly could be viewed as a manifestation of adaptive development. Simple measures aimed at recognizing indicators for poor oral care behavior, and providing appropriate information and support, are discussed.

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“…Reduced physical functioning including difficulty with activities of daily living and pre-frailty leading to frailty is frequently associated with a decline in physical functioning and included in the theoretical framework. Several factors contribute to reduced physical functioning in the elderly; including cognitive decline [36,37], under/over nutrition [33,38], and social factors such as available support [39,40]. All of these factors were considered for item development.…”

Section: Design and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Development of a Screening Tool for Pre-Clinical Dysphagia in Community Dwelling Older Adults

et al. 2018

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Evidence suggests that community dwelling older adults (CDOA) are at risk for dysphagia (swallowing difficulties). Dysphagia is often unidentified until related morbidities like under nutrition or pneumonia occur. These cases of unidentified dysphagia, prior to any clinical intervention, may be termed ‘pre-clinical dysphagia’. Identifying pre-clinical dysphagia is challenged by the lack of validated tools appropriate for CDOA. This study addresses preliminary development of a novel patient reported outcome (PRO) screening tool for pre-clinical dysphagia. Initially, 34 questions were developed from literature review and expert opinion. Following pilot testing (n = 53), the questionnaire was revised and tested on 335 additional CDOA. Face validity, content validity, item analysis, reliability (internal consistency), and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) measures were completed. Psychometric validation resulted in a 17-question PRO tool. Construct analysis identified a three-factor model that explained 67.345% of the variance. Emergent factors represented swallowing effort, physical function, and cognitive function. The results revealed strong construct validity and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.90). A novel, simple PRO incorporating multiple function domains associated with aging demonstrated strong preliminary psychometric properties. This tool is more comprehensive and aging-focused than existing dysphagia screening tools. Inclusion of multiple domains may be key in early identification of pre-clinical dysphagia.

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Personality Theories of Successful Aging

Cited by 12 publications

References 92 publications

Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults

Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults

The impact of frailty on oral care behavior of older people: a qualitative study

Preliminary Development of a Screening Tool for Pre-Clinical Dysphagia in Community Dwelling Older Adults

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