Personality Structure in Psychotics by Factorization of Objective Clinical Tests

Abstract

To research workers in personality measurement the advance of routine testing procedures in clinical psychology has seemed peculiarly sluggish. Whereas solid theoretical foundations have been found for an account of the normal personality structure in factor analytic terms (5, 6, 7) and a rich variety of new tests has been created (8, 9, 14), the clinicians have confined themselves to one or two “gadget” tests, conceived with no more explicit relation to personality structure than a patent medicine has to modern physiological principles. The present research aims to bring factor structure measurement in a clinical population into relation with that found in normals and to provide a first, reproducible, test battery covering at least a dozen factors for use in clinics able to give sufficient time for valid and reliable measures of the primary personality dimensions.

The principal replicated factors discovered in objective personality tests.

“…Some 330 test variables (but rather fewer test situations), consisting first of about 60 borrowed "historical markers" and then of 270 newly devised measures, have thus been tried out in the past ten years. In the methodological cycle-continued through seven distinct major factorizations and certain ad hoc "patching" studies (7,8,12,19,20,21,22,24,26,27)-these original tests have sometimes been improved to give higher loadings as the factors concerned converged on more definite meanings, permitting desirable modifications to be perceived. This possibility of improving test validities creates a dilemma in regard to "marking" factors, for the firmest basis of matching is provided by carrying a continuous track of absolutely unchanging tests through all factorizations.…”

A first approximation to nature-nurture ratios for eleven primary personality factors in objective tests.

“…THE ELEVEN PERSONALITY SOURCE TRAITS The theoretical setting and historical evidence for primary personality factors have been sufficiently described in various earlier publications (4,5,9,17,18,19,23) but may be briefly recapitulated. Personality structure analysis, by R and P techniques, has been carried out in three media: (a) life record behavior in situ (L data), (b) questionnaire responses (Q data), and (c) objective test behavior (T data); each by cross sections at several age levels.…”

“…4 M.I. stands for Master Index Number, by which the test measure is constantly defined in various researches (9,11,17,18,19) and, in particular, in the Personality Test Encyclopedia in this laboratory, as well as in the Objective-Analytic Personality Test Battery Handbook (11). is one of general competence and assertiveness, though independent of intelligence.…”

The Parental Early Repressiveness Hypothesis for the “Authoritarian” Personality Factor, U. I. 28

“…I n this connection, we note that low intelligence is definitely statistically involved with U. I. 28 in the Tied-Socialization factor (16) and this might reflect lower intelligence in the parent. Obviously one must always make a distinction between the desirability of cultural-moral habits and (possibly) undesirable ways of inculcating them.…”

“…Meanwhile, in the experimental realm of objective, nonquestionnaire personality measurement there appeared a factor pattern, five times replicated in independent experiments by 1955 (3,8,10,16), that clearly was relevant to various aspects of authority-relation behavior. With this authority-reaction aspect, however, there was also a much richer presentation of diverse reactions of other kinds that promised a more comprehensive interpretation.…”