Personality psychopathology, drug use and psychological symptoms in adolescents with substance use disorders and community controls

Magallón-Neri, Ernesto; Díaz, Rosa; Forns, María; Goti, Javier; Castro‐Fornieles, Josefina

doi:10.7717/peerj.992

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This could be explained by several hypotheses; it may be that the IPDE screen criteria requiring a score of three or above is too low, and that consequently there is a high rate of false positive results. Indeed, this is highlighted by Magallón-Neri et al (2015) who propose a “cut off” of one point higher on the IPDE screen subscales, depending on the population being examined. In the present study, this was not such a concern, as the study examined links between constructs rather than seeking a diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Paulhus Deception Scales (PDS) in the UK and examination of the links between PDS and personality

Tully¹,

Bailey

2017

Jnl of Criminological Research, Policy & Practice

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the Paulhus Deception Scales (PDS) (Paulhus, 1998) for use in the UK. Given the forensic use of the PDS, this study aimed to examine whether the subscales of impression management (IM) and self-deception enhancement (SDE) predict anti-social personality and narcissistic personality, respectively. Design/methodology/approach A UK general population sample completed the PDS and the International Personality Disorder Examination personality screening tool (Loranger, 1999). Findings were compared to original Canadian/US norms. Exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) and factor analytic techniques were applied to the data. Findings Average total and IM scores were significantly higher in the UK than in the original sample. The tool demonstrated good internal consistency. The initial two-factor model showed relatively poor fit, which was significantly improved by application of the novel ESEM approach. Higher IM scores significantly predicted lower anti-social personality. Higher SDE scores significantly predicted narcissistic personality. Originality/value The PDS is applicable in the UK, however, users should use UK norms. When assessing people, especially in a “high stakes” forensic setting, IM should not be considered socially deviant. Those with high-SDE scores have been found to be narcissistic; consequently, in clinical practice, high-SDE scorers may need further violence or personality evaluation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Paulhus Deception Scales (PDS) in the UK and examination of the links between PDS and personality

Tully¹,

Bailey

2017

Jnl of Criminological Research, Policy & Practice

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“…However, this shows us that the parents may play a significant role in their children’s development of functional patterns of psychological adaptation via this continuous contact during the adolescent stage, as stated previously by other authors[ 19 ]. In adolescent-parent relationships related to parenting styles, it is highlighted the importance of authoritative homes (where parents are both demanding and responsive) with more psychosocial and academic competence[ 5 ], that prevent some potential risk situations such as a problematic drug use[ 3 ], internalizing/externalizing symptoms[ 4 ] or victimization problems[ 1 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Momentary Assessment with smartphones for measuring mental health problems in adolescents

Magallón-Neri¹,

Kirchner-Nebot²,

Forns-Santacana³

et al. 2016

WJP

Self Cite

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AIMTo analyze the viability of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) for measuring the mental states associated with psychopathological problems in adolescents.METHODSIn a sample of 110 adolescents, a sociodemographic data survey and an EMA Smartphone application over a one-week period (five times each day), was developed to explore symptom profiles, everyday problems, coping strategies, and the contexts in which the events take place.RESULTSThe positive response was 68.6%. Over 2250 prompts about mental states were recorded. In 53% of situations the smartphone was answered at home, 25.5% of cases they were with their parents or with peers (20.3%). Associations were found with attention, affective and anxiety problems (P < 0.001) in the participants who took longer to respond to the EMA app. Anxious and depressive states were highly interrelated (rho = 0.51, P < 0.001), as well as oppositional defiant problems and conduct problems (rho = 0.56, P < 0.001). Only in 6.2% of the situations the subjects perceived they had problems, mainly associated with inter-relational aspects with family, peers, boyfriends or girlfriends (31.2%). We also found moderate-high reliability on scales of satisfaction level on the context, on positive emotionality, and on the discomfort index associated with mental health problems.CONCLUSIONEMA methodology using smartphones is a useful tool for understanding adolescents’ daily dynamics. It achieved moderate-high reliability and accurately identified psychopathological manifestations experienced by community adolescents in their natural context.

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“…Strictly associated with sensation-seeking, Disconstraint is indicative of neuro-behavioral disinhibition and is related to the persistence of alcohol use and abuse [ 50 ]. Together with Neuroticism, Disconstraint is associated with aspects of addictive behaviors [ 51 , 52 , 53 ]. On the other hand, Introversion seems inversely related to road crashes and aberrant driving behaviors [ 52 ] while it was found to predict motor speed in young and adult drivers [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Together with Neuroticism, Disconstraint is associated with aspects of addictive behaviors [ 51 , 52 , 53 ]. On the other hand, Introversion seems inversely related to road crashes and aberrant driving behaviors [ 52 ] while it was found to predict motor speed in young and adult drivers [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering measures of cognition, both the overall functioning and the spatial transformation skills were previously shown to be sensitive to both the driving capability and the effects of alcohol [ 26 , 27 , 29 ]. Considering personality scales, AGGR [ 77 ], DISC, and NEGE [ 51 , 52 ] were expected to characterize more the DD group than the control group which in turn was expected to show higher scores of INTR [ 53 ]. No effects were expected for the PSYC personality trait.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reassessing Fitness-to-Drive in Drinker Drivers: The Role of Cognition and Personality

Tinella

Caffò

Lopez

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Drunken driving is among the main challenges for road safety by causing worldwide motor-vehicle crashes with severe injuries and deaths. The reassessment of fitness-to-drive in drivers stopped for drunken driving includes mainly psychological examinations. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and the consistency of selected variables of different psychological driving-related dimensions (i.e., cognitive skills and personality) in discriminating 90 male drinker drivers (DD) from matched non-drinkers controls. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Mental Rotation Test (MRT), and the Perspective-Taking Test (PT) were administered to assess overall cognitive functioning, and object- and self-based spatial transformation abilities, respectively. Participants completed a computerized test measuring resilience of attention (DT), reaction times (RT), and perceptual speed (ATAVT). The Personality Psychopathology Five scales (i.e., PSY-5: Aggressiveness-AGGR, Psychoticism-PSYC, Disconstraint-DISC, Negative-Emotionality-NEGE, and Introversion-INTR) the validity scale (L) and the dissimulation index (F-K) were scored from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). A logistic binomial regression analysis (backward subtraction method) was used to identify discriminant predictors. A prediction analysis (ROC curve method) was performed on the final model. Results showed that the scores obtained in MRT, DT, and the personality measures of PSYC, DISC, NEGE, and INTR significantly discriminated DD from their matched controls with moderate-to-good values of accuracy (0.79), sensitivity (0.80), and specificity (0.79), as well as a good AUC value (0.89). In some cases, the personality dimensions provided—reliable—unexpected results. Low scores of PSYC, NEGE, and INTR were found to predict the membership to the DD group; results are discussed with reference to response management. Personality measures should be assessed with particular attention in a forensic context because they are more prone to be feigned than cognitive ones. Overall, the present study confirmed the relevance of integrating different driving-related psychological dimensions in the evaluation of fitness-to-drive showing the usefulness of standardized tools for the reassessment of drinker drivers.

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Personality psychopathology, drug use and psychological symptoms in adolescents with substance use disorders and community controls

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Validation of the Paulhus Deception Scales (PDS) in the UK and examination of the links between PDS and personality

Validation of the Paulhus Deception Scales (PDS) in the UK and examination of the links between PDS and personality

Ecological Momentary Assessment with smartphones for measuring mental health problems in adolescents

Reassessing Fitness-to-Drive in Drinker Drivers: The Role of Cognition and Personality

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