Personality profile and affective state of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Robertson, Deborah; Ray, J; Diamond, I; Edwards, Jacky

doi:10.1136/gut.30.5.623

Cited by 143 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Activated mucosal MC secrete neuropeptides and proinflammatory products (e.g., cytokines, tryptase) (6)(7)(8). These proinflammatory products will increase intestinal permeability and initiate an immunoinflammatory cascade in the mucosa (3,4,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17), two major contributing factors to IBD flare-ups (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heightened Responses to Stressors in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Farhadi¹,

Keshavarzian

Kar

et al. 2005

Am J Gastroenterology

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OBJECTIVES:Several studies suggest that stressful situations (stressors) worsen the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the mechanism is not known. Based on several lines of evidence, we hypothesized that psychosocial stress activates the brain-gut axis (BGA) and mucosal mast cells (MC), and activated MC produce proinflammatory cytokines. To test this hypothesis, we determined whether stressor-induced activation of BGA is exaggerated in IBD patients. METHODS:Stress was induced in 15 IBD patients who were in remission (inactive IBD) and in seven controls by a widely used stressor, the cold pressor test (CPT), daily for five consecutive days. Induction of stress was confirmed objectively by measurement of stress hormones (serum cortisol and ACTH), and hemodynamic parameters and subjectively by questionnaire. Activation of the BGA by this stressor was assessed by evaluating colonic mucosal MC histology and degranulation, using electron microscopy (EM). The effects of the stressor on the intestinal mucosa were assessed by changes in inflammatory cell histology, epithelial mitochondria (EM), and oxidative tissue injury (assays for protein oxidation). RESULTS:In both study groups, the stressor resulted in (1) increased levels of stress hormones, (2) the expected changes in hemodynamic parameters, (3) activation and degranulation of MC, (4) mitochondrial damage to epithelial cells, and (5) mucosal protein oxidation. These changes were more marked in IBD patients.CONCLUSIONS: The heightened response to the stressors and the greater epithelial damage in IBD patients suggests that stress-induced activation of the BGA and of mucosal MC is important in the initiation and/or flare up of IBD.(Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:1796-1804)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heightened Responses to Stressors in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Farhadi¹,

Keshavarzian

Kar

et al. 2005

Am J Gastroenterology

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“…These characteristic personality traits in IBD could result from the longstanding chronic illness. However, a study examining a group of patients previous to an established diagnosis has shown that increased levels of neuroticism and introversion were highly prevalent, even before the diagnosis was established [164]. Further characteristics are perfectionism, and alexithymia (difficulty in recognizing, regulating and expressing emotions), which can lead patients to show distress by developing somatic symptoms instead of verbal communication [165,166].…”

Section: Personality Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease: Similarities, Differences and a Lot of Things We Do Not Know Yet

Molnár¹

2014

J Clin Cell Immunol

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The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) is complex, and our knowledge on the topic is constantly growing. The two disorders are distinct, yet overlap in their clinical manifestations and underlying causes. This review aims to provide a broad overview of the numerous pathogenetic factors that can lead to the development of IBD, focusing on novel findings and on the differences between UC and CD. Recent advances in genetics have identified new components in the pathogenesis, as an example, the importance of Th17 lymphocytes and the IL-17/IL-23 pathway have been highlighted in both diseases, apart from the previously known Th1-Th2 driven processes. Genetic background of increased permeability has been explored in UC, and the role of defective autophagy was recently described in CD. Genetic alterations can lead to an exaggerated immune response to the resident microbial flora. This microflora is altered in IBD patients, probably due to their reduced ability to stabilize its bacterial components and due to different environmental factors. An exhaustive exploration of environmental factors is particularly important, as they can be influential in many cases. The impact of smoking is the most established environmental factor, having deleterious effects in CD and protective in UC. Recent opinions on other factors, such as early appendectomy, diet, reduced vitamin D levels, the use of specific medications, breastfeeding, personal hygiene and psychological factors are also discussed. Epigenetics, a new field of research, links environmental factors to genetics. Understanding these factors is of great significance as changing lifestyles and improving life circumstances have started to increase the prevalence of IBD also in developing countries.

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“…[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Despite high heritability ranging from 33 to 60%, the understanding of the genetic origins of personality trait variation is extremely limited. Where linkage analyses have identified several large regions, very few overlap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining genome-wide linkage intervals using a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies loci influencing personality dimensions

et al. 2012

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Personality traits are complex phenotypes related to psychosomatic health. Individually, various gene finding methods have not achieved much success in finding genetic variants associated with personality traits. We performed a meta-analysis of four genome-wide linkage scans (N ¼ 6149 subjects) of five basic personality traits assessed with the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. We compared the significant regions from the meta-analysis of linkage scans with the results of a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (NB17 000). We found significant evidence of linkage of neuroticism to chromosome 3p14 (rs1490265, LOD ¼ 4.67) and to chromosome 19q13 (rs628604, LOD ¼ 3.55); of extraversion to 14q32 (ATGG002, LOD ¼ 3.3); and of agreeableness to 3p25 (rs709160, LOD ¼ 3.67) and to two adjacent regions on chromosome 15, including 15q13 (rs970408, LOD ¼ 4.07) and 15q14 (rs1055356, LOD ¼ 3.52) in the individual scans. In the meta-analysis, we found strong evidence of linkage of extraversion to 4q34, 9q34, 10q24 and 11q22, openness to 2p25, 3q26, 9p21, 11q24, 15q26 and 19q13 and agreeableness to 4q34 and 19p13. Significant evidence of association in the GWAS was detected between openness and rs677035 at 11q24 (P-value ¼ 2.6 Â 10 À06 , KCNJ1). The findings of our linkage meta-analysis and those of the GWAS suggest that 11q24 is a susceptible locus for openness, with KCNJ1 as the possible candidate gene.

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Personality profile and affective state of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Cited by 143 publications

References 8 publications

Heightened Responses to Stressors in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Heightened Responses to Stressors in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease: Similarities, Differences and a Lot of Things We Do Not Know Yet

Refining genome-wide linkage intervals using a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies loci influencing personality dimensions

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