Personality Moderates Intervention Effects on Cognitive Function: A 6-Week Conversation-Based Intervention

Cerino, Eric; Hooker, Karen; Goodrich, Elena; Dodge, Hiroko H.

doi:10.1093/geroni/igz038.828

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…17 The I-CONECT study examines whether enhancing social interaction via video chat can improve cognitive function. This study is an extension of the previous pilot trial 18,19 where efficacy was shown. The experimental group participates in 30-min video chats with trained conversational staff (4 times/week for the first 6 months, 2 times/week for additional 6 months) and weekly check-in telephone calls.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Further, more research on the type of conversations and individual personality traits would increase our understanding of the emotional and structural needs of older adults with limited social interactions (e.g., relieving stress, catching up on news, reassuring of worth, needing instrumental help). 19 Finally, participants included in this study were free from severe depressive symptoms (operational criteria using the GDS-15) and dementia. Therefore, the generalizability of our study findings is limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Conversely, limited social interactions may lead to maladaptation to stress (e.g., avoidance, withdrawal), 7,8 depressive symptoms, 9 suicidal ideation, 10 slower recovery from illnesses, 11 cognitive decline and dementia, 12,13 and early death. 14 Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19), limiting social gathering and following stayat-home orders have been critical to reducing exposure and spread of the virus. Although there is a common belief that older adults changed social patterns due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic to maintain psychological well-being, few studies had quantified the amount of change to test those hypotheses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can changes in social contact (frequency and mode) mitigate low mood before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic? The I‐CONECT project

Mattek

Wild

et al. 2021

J American Geriatrics Society

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Background/Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global outbreak allowed a natural experiment to observe how older adults changed social patterns and how it affected their emotional well-being. We studied the frequency and modes of social contact and their effects on older adults' mood before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Phone-based surveys were administered weekly before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Setting: Participants were recruited from Portland, Oregon, and Detroit, Michigan. Participants: Older adults ≥75 years old (n = 155, age = 81.0 ± 4.5, 72.3% women) were included in a randomized controlled trial, the Internet-Based Conversational Engagement Clinical Trial (I-CONECT).Measurements: Low mood was self-reported as feeling downhearted or blue for three or more days in the past week. Social contact was self-reported by the amount of time spent in interactions, with whom (family, friends, others), and via which modes (in-person, phone/video call, text/email/letter). Results: A total of 5525 weeks of data were derived from 155 participants.Before the COVID-19 pandemic, average social interaction time spent in-person, on phone/video call, and via text/email/letter was 406, 141, and 68 min/ week, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, time spent in-person was reduced by 135 min/week, while time spent via phone/video call and writing increased by 33 and 26 mins/week, respectively. In-person family contact was associated with less low mood regardless of the pandemic (odds ratio = 0.92, p < 0.05). There was a COVID-19 Â text/email/letter with friends interaction (odds ratio = 0.77, p = 0.03), suggesting that during the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase of 1 h of writing with friends per week was associated with a 23% decrease in the likelihood of experiencing low mood. Conclusion:The lost in-person time relating to COVID-19 restrictions tended to be partially compensated for with increased calls and writing time, although overall social interaction time decreased. During the COVID-19 pandemic, at

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Can changes in social contact (frequency and mode) mitigate low mood before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic? The I‐CONECT project

Mattek

Wild

et al. 2021

J American Geriatrics Society

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“…Interventions to improve social cognitive abilities, such as theory of mind or empathy in older people are generally lacking, and little work has been done in this area in people with cognitive disorders. The role of personality characteristics, such as agreeableness, conscientiousness and extraversion has been identified [50] but strategies to deal with this are yet to be examined.…”

Section: Social Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social health, social reserve and dementia

Sachdev

2021

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

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Purpose of reviewThere is increasing recognition of social health being protective against disease, including age-related cognitive decline and dementia. Many concepts around social health, reserve and connectedness are imprecise and without agreed definitions. The mechanisms by which social health is protective are not well understood. Recent findingsSeveral observational studies suggest that social participation and connectedness are protective against cognitive decline whereas loneliness is a risk factor for dementia. The possible mechanisms include effects on inflammatory process and immune function, reduced vascular disease risk, improved health behaviours, lower risk of depression, and increased cognitive reserve through cognitive stimulation and physical activity. Social networks have been shown to modify the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment. The relationship of social networks is, however, reciprocal, with dementia leading to social loss, which in turn worsens cognitive decline. Social reserve is conceptualized as both brain processes underlying the ability and predisposition to form meaningful social ties, and their instantiation as an environmental resource in high-quality social networks. SummaryConsistent definitions of social health-related terms will lead to better understanding of their determinants so that tailored interventions can be developed to increase social reserve and improve social health of an individual.

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“…Given the framework provided here, it would be an important next step to perform large randomized clinical trials specifically targeting the social domain to slow down the progression of AD. Possibly, the social intervention procedure requires thorough optimization and in humans possibly personalization, taking into account factors like personality traits and disease stage [59]. Based on the shared neurobiological substrates of the social domain and cognitive domain, we propose that adding more focus on the social domain may contribute to improving both social and cognitive functioning of AD patients.…”

Section: Implications For Treatment Strategies Of Psychiatric and Neu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influencing cognitive performance via social interactions: a novel therapeutic approach for brain disorders based on neuroanatomical mapping?

et al. 2022

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Many psychiatric and neurological disorders present deficits in both the social and cognitive domain. In this perspectives article, we provide an overview and the potential of the existence of an extensive neurobiological substrate underlying the close relationship between these two domains. By mapping the rodent brain regions involved in the social and/or cognitive domain, we show that the vast majority of brain regions involved in the cognitive domain are also involved in the social domain. The identified neuroanatomical overlap has an evolutionary basis, as complex social behavior requires cognitive skills, and aligns with the reported functional interactions of processes underlying cognitive and social performance. Based on the neuroanatomical mapping, recent (pre-)clinical findings, and the evolutionary perspective, we emphasize that the social domain requires more focus as an important treatment target and/or biomarker, especially considering the presently limited treatment strategies for these disorders.

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Personality Moderates Intervention Effects on Cognitive Function: A 6-Week Conversation-Based Intervention

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Can changes in social contact (frequency and mode) mitigate low mood before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic? The I‐CONECT project

Can changes in social contact (frequency and mode) mitigate low mood before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic? The I‐CONECT project

Social health, social reserve and dementia

Influencing cognitive performance via social interactions: a novel therapeutic approach for brain disorders based on neuroanatomical mapping?

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