Personality maturation through sense of mastery? Longitudinal evidence from two education‐to‐work transition studies

Reitz, Anne K.; Boer, Liselotte den; Scheppingen, Manon A. van; Diwan, Ketaki

doi:10.1111/jopy.12789

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Therefore, mastery experiences before the transition may not explain why some individuals increase whereas others decrease in state self-esteem during the university-to-work transition. Taken together, our findings across months support the theoretical notion that change during major life transitions may be triggered by mastery experiences during the transition (Reitz et al, 2022; Roberts & Nickel, 2021) such as mastery of the age-graded developmental tasks (Havighurst, 1976) and mastery of the new social role that young adults invest in (Roberts & Nickel, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…As self-esteem fluctuates in response to success and failure (Crocker et al, 2002), major life transitions may elicit normative and heterogeneous trait self-esteem change depending on the mastery experiences during transitions (Reitz, 2022). There is evidence for average trait self-esteem change during relational (e.g., Lehnart et al, 2010; Luciano & Orth, 2017), educational (e.g., Chung et al, 2014; Hutteman et al, 2015), and work transitions (e.g., Reitz et al, 2022; for a review, see Reitz, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-term dynamics of pride and state self-esteem change during the university-to-work transition

et al. 2023

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Young adults differ in their self-esteem change during the university-to-work transition. The short-term processes (such as state changes) which are related to individual variability in change are not yet fully understood. In this pre-registered study, we examined experiences of pride as an emotional process underlying state self-esteem change in a sample of 232 Dutch master students over 8 months across their university-to-work transition. We used dynamic and multilevel structural equation models to analyze three waves of 14-day experience sampling data, examining momentary and daily associations between pride and state self-esteem on the within-person level. We examined correlated change in pride and state self-esteem, and the extent to which pride predicted variability in state self-esteem change. Results indicated positive within-person associations and considerable individual differences in pride–state self-esteem associations across moments and days. Across months, changes in pride and state self-esteem were positively correlated, but pride before graduation did not predict variability in later state self-esteem change. Pride–state self-esteem associations remained robust after accounting for feelings of joy, transitional valence, and timing of the transition. Findings indicated that pride uniquely predicted state self-esteem change during the education-to-work transition, which suggests that pride is a key emotion underlying self-esteem change.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term dynamics of pride and state self-esteem change during the university-to-work transition

et al. 2023

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“…Our lab has conducted such studies (GradLife: job entry; STRIDE: educational transition; NiMO: motherhood). For job entry, we found dynamic links between daily mastery and personality states (Reitz et al, 2022a) and between pride and self-esteem across days and co-development across the transition (Diwan et al, 2023).…”

Section: Methodologies Suited To Capture the Individual Experience Of...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Open Peer Commentary and Author Response Regarding ‘Life Events and Personality Change: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’

2024

Eur J Pers

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Bühler et al. (2023) conducted a meta-analysis of personality change in response to 10 life events. Results supported specific effects of life events on life satisfaction and personality. However, not considering the time lag between assessments when analyzing pre-and post-event personality differences, may lead to misleading conclusions, given evidence that life events impact psychological outcomes in a non-linear way. We present three avenues to address this limitation in future research.We congratulate Bühler et al. on publishing the first meta-analysis of personality differences before vs. after the occurrence of 10 life events. The authors included 44 studies in their analysis, comprising 89 samples. Many events had small effects on life satisfaction, but effects on Big Five personality were less numerous and seemingly somewhat inconsistent (e.g., increase in conscientiousness after a new relationship, but also after divorce). The authors conclude by calling for more sophisticated designs to better study the effects of life events, and we of course agree.The authors were very methodical in their approach, already pointed out limitations themselves, and circumvented them in other work. This includes the limitation on which we will focus here: Future studies should "more carefully time assessments […] given that personality could change slowly or suddenly in response to a life event and may follow linear or nonlinear patterns of change".At least when it comes to well-being outcomes (including self-esteem and life satisfaction), negative life events indeed mostly tend to temporarily depress these outcomes. This downturn often already happens before the event, and then rebounds after the event (e.g., Asselmann & Specht, 2023;Reitz et al., 2022). For other event-outcome constellations, similarly complex non-linear shapes are plausible. Put simply: The difference in the outcome between the pre- ReferencesAsselmann, E., & Specht, J. (2023). Dramatic effects but fast adaptation: Changes in life satisfaction and different facets of affective well-being around the death of a partner and death of a child. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 15(2), 451-465.

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“…Using multiple data sets, different SES indicators, and testing moderation effects with age and childhood SES was crucial in understanding how educational and economic factors are linked to individual differences and potential trait developments over time. Reitz et al (2023; this issue) examined Big Five personality traits/states and mastery changes in the education-towork transition in two samples. Although there was not strong evidence for the maturational principle in these studies, they found that people with more work-related mastery tended to increase in conscientiousness over time.…”

Section: Overview Of Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reitz et al (2023; this issue) examined Big Five personality traits/states and mastery changes in the education‐to‐work transition in two samples. Although there was not strong evidence for the maturational principle in these studies, they found that people with more work‐related mastery tended to increase in conscientiousness over time.…”

Section: Overview Of Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicating narrow and broad conceptualizations of environmental influences on personality

Weidmann,

Chopik

2023

Journal of Personality

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BackgroundA surge of studies aims to identify environmental factors that explain individual differences, personality stability, and personality development. This special issue builds on this large interest and solicited articles on broad and narrow environmental factors of personality.ObjectiveWe provide an overview of the motivations behind the special issue, review each of the articles, and present data on researchers' perceptions of environmental factors contributing to personality expression and development.MethodWe review 16 special issue articles, thematically grouped into seven topics—culture and race, genes and environment, geography and habitat, major/minor life events, social relationships, socioeconomic status and economic inequality, and work. We also present data on researchers' (N = 223) responses and ratings of environmental influences on personality expression and development.ResultsIn the open‐ended responses, the most important environmental influences were family, culture, peers, relationships, and trauma. Among the least important were weather, birth order, geography, climate, and shared environment. Nearly all the environmental influences featured in this special issue were considered at least somewhat important; however, there was considerable heterogeneity in how important researchers found each topic.ConclusionsThere is no perfect consensus among researchers as to which environmental factors contribute most to personality expression and development. We hope that there is a larger surge of studies on personality constructs beyond traits, that contextualize concepts within a cultural and historical framework and develop more stringent theories to hypothesize about the environmental influences on personality.

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Personality maturation through sense of mastery? Longitudinal evidence from two education‐to‐work transition studies

Cited by 8 publications

References 68 publications

Short-term dynamics of pride and state self-esteem change during the university-to-work transition

Short-term dynamics of pride and state self-esteem change during the university-to-work transition

Open Peer Commentary and Author Response Regarding ‘Life Events and Personality Change: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’

Explicating narrow and broad conceptualizations of environmental influences on personality

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