Personality in situations: Going beyond the OCEAN and introducing the Situation Five.

Ziegler, Matthias; Horstmann, Kai T.; Ziegler, Johanna

doi:10.1037/pas0000654

Cited by 61 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(146 reference statements)

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“…Persons may possess general tendencies to perceive and interpret situations, which are reflected in their behavior. As Horstmann, Ziegler, and Ziegler (2018;Ziegler & Horstmann, 2015;Ziegler et al, 2019) point out, assessing these tendencies-which are independent from "classic" (Big Five/Six) personality traits-may open up new avenues for personality assessments and the prediction of relevant outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the advent of situational taxonomies and measures, effects of situations have been examined more systematically. Situation characteristics that were assessed with standardized and validated measures allowed theoretically meaningful predictions of behavior in several instances (Brown et al, 2015;Gerpott et al, 2017;Parrigon et al, 2017;Rauthmann et al, 2014;Ziegler et al, 2019). Further, several situation dimensions have been explicitly linked to behavioral manifestations of personality traits (de Vries, Tybur, Pollet, & van Vugt, 2016;Parrigon et al, 2017;Rauthmann, Jones, & Sherman, 2016;Sherman et al, 2015).…”

Section: Situational Taxonomies and Measures Rauthmann And Colleaguesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unveiling an exclusive link: Predicting behavior with personality, situation perception, and affect in a preregistered experience sampling study.

Horstmann

Rauthmann

Sherman³

et al. 2021

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Affect and situation perception are intertwined in any given situation, but the extent to which both predict behavior jointly and uniquely has not yet been systematically examined so far. Using two studies with experience sampling methodology (ESM), we examine how trait-like variables (Big Six, trait affect, general situation experience) and state-like variables (momentary affect, happiness, and situation perception) account for variance in self-reported behavioral states of the Big Six. In Study 1, we re-analyzed data from Sherman, Rauthmann, Brown, Serfass, and Jones (2015) and found that situation perception explained variance in self-reported behavior in logically coherent ways, but only after considering happiness as an additional predictor. These results were replicated in pre-registered Study 2, in which positive and negative affect were additionally assessed as distinct variables. Based on both studies, we conclude that personality traits, affect, and situation perception contribute uniquely to the explanation of self-reported behavior in daily life. Importantly, situation perceptions and affect do overlap, but they are neither the same nor redundant with each other. Indeed, theoretically justified and logically coherent links between situation perceptions and behavioral states remain intact once affect is controlled for, while the links not predicted by theory disappear. These results have implications for personality theories as well as appraisal theories of emotion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Situational Taxonomies and Measures Rauthmann And Colleaguesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling an exclusive link: Predicting behavior with personality, situation perception, and affect in a preregistered experience sampling study.

Horstmann

Rauthmann

Sherman³

et al. 2021

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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“…As summarized in Figure 1, seven taxonomies of situation characteristics emerged in the last decade (Brown, Neel, & Sherman, 2015; Gerpott, Balliet, Columbus, Molho, & de Vries, 2018; Griffo & Colvin, 2019; Oreg, Edwards, & Rauthmann, 2020; Parrigon, Woo, Tay, & Wang, 2017; Rauthmann et al, 2014; Ziegler, Horstmann, & Ziegler, 2019). All were developed independently from each other with different approaches, levels of theory involvement, item pools, samples, and data-analytical strategies (though most approaches subscribed to factor-analytical techniques).…”

Section: The Knownsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of empirical taxonomies include DIAMONDS (Rauthmann et al, 2014) and the Big Five framework (Griffo & Colvin, 2019). Examples of lexical taxonomies include CAPTION (with English adjectives; Parrigon, Woo, Tay, & Wang, 2017), Situation 5 (with German adjectives; Ziegler, Horstmann, & Ziegler, 2019), and Situation Six (with Hebrew adjectives; Oreg, Edwards, & Rauthmann, 2020). Examples of theoretical taxonomies include Situational Affordances for Adaptive Problems (SAAP; use of evolutionary theory; Brown, Neel, & Sherman, 2015) and the Situational Interdependence Scale (SIS; use of interdependence theory; Gerpott, Balliet, Columbus, Molho, & de Vries, 2018).…”

Section: The Knownsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Situation of Situation Research: Knowns and Unknowns

Rauthmann

Sherman

2020

Curr Dir Psychol Sci

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Over the past 15 years, research on the assessment of psychological situations has flourished. As a result, many basic questions about psychological situations have been answered. We discuss the theoretical and empirical studies that answered these questions, including what situations are; how they can be characterized, taxonomized, and measured; how they relate to person variables; and how persons navigate situations. We first summarize the “knowns” of psychological situation research and then proceed to chart the “unknowns” that have yet to be examined. We conclude with an agenda for future situation research.

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“…That gap was filled by Rauthmann et al (2014) who developed a variety of typologies, e.g., the DIAMONDS taxonomy, which they have striven to integrate with other situation typologies in order to identify cross-study commonalities (Rauthmann and Sherman, 2018). Ziegler et al (2019) have shown that one of these typologies, the Situation Five, shows considerable independence from a Big Five measure of personality. This enables the separation of personality measures from those of the situation, and provides evidence that the situation measures add predictive power to personality measures, supporting the original Lewinian distinction between P and S (Funder, 2006).…”

Section: Reclaiming the Individualmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultures and Persons: Characterizing National and Other Types of Cultural Difference Can Also Aid Our Understanding and Prediction of Individual Variability

Smith

Bond

2019

Front. Psychol.

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Valid understanding of the relationship between cultures and persons requires an adequate conceptualization of the many contexts within which individuals work and live. These contexts include the more distal features of the individual’s birth ecology and ethno-national group history. These features converge more proximally upon individual experience as “process” variables, through the institutional–normative constraints and affordances encountered through socialization into a diverse set of cultural groupings. This enculturation is then revealed in the individual’s response profile of values, beliefs, choices, and behaviors at any given time. Cross-cultural psychologists have typically compared these encultured responses cross-nationally by averaging the scores of equivalent groups of persons across national groups, terming these average differences “cultural differences.” This procedure has generated considerable resistance, primarily due to careless over-generalization of results to all members of a given cultural group. Critics of nation-based characterizations have challenged their methodological and conceptual inadequacies, but we now know better how to address the measurement-related aspects of culture-level “psychological” variables, such as individualism–collectivism. In challenging the accuracy of these measures, critics have also neglected to acknowledge the continuing predictive and discriminant validity of these dimensions of national culture. We here review the utility of more recent measurements. We then show how nation-level comparisons can be used by psychologists to improve our understanding of individual, rather than group, outcomes. Nations are heterogeneous amalgams of ethnicities, social classes, organizations, school systems, and families. Individuals’ socialization into these groups affects their functioning at any given point in life. These enculturations are further dependent on their gender, age, and education. Assessment of culture’s relation with individual functioning requires adequate measurement of both personality and normative aspects of situations in which behavior is enacted. Once this integration of cultural influences is achieved, the logic and methodology for integrating national culture into psychological models of individual behavior can be applied within any nation where research focuses on how within-nation cultural variation affects individual functioning. Culture, conceptualized as normative group constraints, becomes more widely amenable to study, and the hard lessons learned from cross-national research can be used to guide the practice of more locally sensitive research.

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Personality in situations: Going beyond the OCEAN and introducing the Situation Five.

Cited by 61 publications

References 79 publications

Unveiling an exclusive link: Predicting behavior with personality, situation perception, and affect in a preregistered experience sampling study.

Unveiling an exclusive link: Predicting behavior with personality, situation perception, and affect in a preregistered experience sampling study.

The Situation of Situation Research: Knowns and Unknowns

Cultures and Persons: Characterizing National and Other Types of Cultural Difference Can Also Aid Our Understanding and Prediction of Individual Variability

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