Personality disorders: Prevalence and demography at a psychiatric outpatient in North India

Gupta, Swapnil; Mattoo, Surendra Kumar

doi:10.1177/0020764010387548

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…However, this figure is likely to be an underestimate as previous studies suggest that scores under 4 on the SAPAS have a negative predictive value of 0.82, and thus, a proportion of those scoring under 4 in this sample are likely to have met criteria for the diagnosis (Figure ). Nonetheless, the prevalence estimate in this sample is significantly higher than the only other study on an unselected outpatient psychiatric population from India, which recorded a prevalence of 1.07% …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

“…This may reflect the fact that the two prevalence estimates are based on different assessment methods, which has been shown to lead to variability between studies . The use of a validated diagnostic interview in the present study may have yielded a more reliable prevalence estimate than that found by Gupta and Mattoo, who based their diagnoses on a retrospective review of case notes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Using the SAPAS to identify risk for personality disorders among psychiatric outpatients in India: A feasibility study

Innocent

Podder

Ram

et al. 2017

Personality & Mental Health

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Personality disorders (PDs) are common among psychiatric outpatients and are associated with increased morbidity and worse treatment outcomes. Epidemiological research conducted among this population in Asian countries is limited, reflecting a significant gap in the current literature. One barrier to this research is the lack of appropriate screening tools. The current research assessed the feasibility of using the SAPAS (Standardized Assessment of Personality-Abbreviated Scale) screening tool to identify individuals at high risk of PD in an Indian psychiatric outpatient population and provides an initial estimate of PD prevalence by using a validated diagnostic interview, the ICD-10 International Personality Disorder Examination. The findings suggest that whilst use of the SAPAS was feasible, acceptable to patients and led to clinically useful findings, when using the recommended cut-off score of 4, the SAPAS largely overdiagnoses the risk for PD in psychiatric outpatients in India (positive predictive value = 26.3%). The estimated prevalence of personality disorder in the sample was 11.1%, based on administering the International Personality Disorder Examination diagnostic interview to high-risk patients scoring 4 and above on the SAPAS, which is higher than previous estimates for this population and still likely to be an underestimation. Future studies should translate the measure into Bengali and evaluate its sensitivity and specificity at different cut-off points in order to optimize its use in Indian populations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Using the SAPAS to identify risk for personality disorders among psychiatric outpatients in India: A feasibility study

Innocent

Podder

Ram

et al. 2017

Personality & Mental Health

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“…Indeed, Tang and Huang (1995) specified that there are important conceptual differences between Chinese and Western cultures regarding PDs. A recent study by Gupta and Mattoo (2012) conducted in an Indian sample of outpatients showed that the prevalence rates are globally lower than those reported for Western societies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Personality and Personality Disorders in Urban and Rural Africa: Results from a Field Trial in Burkina Faso

Rossier¹,

Ouedraogo²,

Dahourou³

et al. 2013

Front. Psychol.

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When conducting research in different cultural settings, assessing measurement equivalence is of prime importance to determine if constructs and scores can be compared across groups. Structural equivalence implies that constructs have the same meaning across groups, metric equivalence implies that the metric of the scales remains stable across groups, and full scale or scalar equivalence implies that the origin of the scales is the same across groups. Several studies have observed that the structure underlying both normal personality and personality disorders (PDs) is stable across cultures. Most of this cross-cultural research was conducted in Western and Asian cultures. In Africa, the few studies were conducted with well-educated participants using French or English instruments. No research was conducted in Africa with less privileged or preliterate samples. The aim of this research was to study the structure and expression of normal and abnormal personality in an urban and a rural sample in Burkina Faso. The sample included 1,750 participants, with a sub-sample from the urban area of Ouagadougou (n = 1,249) and another sub-sample from a rural village, Soumiaga (n = 501). Most participants answered an interview consisting of a Mooré language adaptation of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and of the International Personality Disorders Examination. Mooré is the language of the Mossi ethnic group, and the most frequently spoken local language in Burkina Faso. A sub-sample completed the same self-report instruments in French. Demographic variables only had a small impact on normal and abnormal personality traits mean levels. The structure underlying normal personality was unstable across regions and languages, illustrating that translating a complex psychological inventory into a native African language is a very difficult task. The structure underlying abnormal personality and the metric of PDs scales were stable across regions. As scalar equivalence was not reached, mean differences cannot be interpreted. Nevertheless, these differences could be due to an exaggerated expression of abnormal traits valued in the two cultural settings. Our results suggest that studies using a different methodology should be conducted to understand what is considered, in different cultures, as deviating from the expectations of the individual’s culture, and as a significant impairment in self and interpersonal functioning, as defined by the DSM-5.

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“…Some researchers have argued the use of SIDP-IV inflates prevalence estimates due to the increased identification of sub-threshold diagnoses; however, it was designed specifically to reduce halo effects of diagnoses. One-third of the studies estimated the prevalence of personality disorder on the basis of the assessments conducted by consultant psychiatrists (Alnaes & Torgersen, 1988;Gupta & Mattoo, 2010;Keown et al, 2002). One study used psychology trainees and research assistants (Zimmerman, Rothschild & Chelminski, 2005), another used lead professionals from the assertive outreach team (Ranger et al, 2004) and the remaining four papers did not specify the nature of their assessors.…”

Section: Overview Of Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality disorder prevalence in psychiatric outpatients: A systematic literature review

Beckwith

Moran

Reilly

2014

Personality & Mental Health

159

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Personality disorders: Prevalence and demography at a psychiatric outpatient in North India

Cited by 38 publications

References 26 publications

Using the SAPAS to identify risk for personality disorders among psychiatric outpatients in India: A feasibility study

Using the SAPAS to identify risk for personality disorders among psychiatric outpatients in India: A feasibility study

Personality and Personality Disorders in Urban and Rural Africa: Results from a Field Trial in Burkina Faso

Personality disorder prevalence in psychiatric outpatients: A systematic literature review

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