Personality disorders characterized by anxiety predict Alzheimer's disease in women: A case-control studies

Henriques-Calado, Joana; Duarte-Silva, Maria Eugénia

doi:10.1080/00221309.2019.1697637

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…There is some evidence from experimental studies that lowering cholesterol may slow the expression of AD 21 . Depression is very common among people with AD 22,23 . Studies have also reported that anxiety may be an early sign of increased risk for AD 23 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Data‐driven discovery of probable Alzheimer's disease and related dementia subphenotypes using electronic health records

Wang

et al. 2020

Learning Health Systems

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Introduction: We sought to assess longitudinal electronic health records (EHRs) using machine learning (ML) methods to computationally derive probable Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and related dementia subphenotypes. Methods: A retrospective analysis of EHR data from a cohort of 7587 patients seen at a large, multi-specialty urban academic medical center in New York was conducted. Subphenotypes were derived using hierarchical clustering from 792 probable AD patients (cases) who had received at least one diagnosis of AD using their clinical data. The other 6795 patients, labeled as controls, were matched on age and gender with the cases and randomly selected in the ratio of 9:1. Prediction models with multiple ML algorithms were trained on this cohort using 5-fold cross-validation. XGBoost was used to rank the variable importance. Results: Four subphenotypes were computationally derived. Subphenotype A (n = 273; 28.2%) had more patients with cardiovascular diseases; subphenotype B (n = 221; 27.9%) had more patients with mental health illnesses, such as depression and anxiety; patients in subphenotype C (n = 183; 23.1%) were overall older (mean (SD) age, 79.5 (5.4) years) and had the most comorbidities including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health disorders; and subphenotype D (n = 115; 14.5%) included patients who took antidementia drugs and had sensory problems, such as deafness and hearing impairment. The 0-year prediction model for AD risk achieved an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.764

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 Depression is very common among people with AD. 22,23 Studies have also reported that anxiety may be an early sign of increased risk for AD. 23 This study has several limitations.…”

Section: Subphenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data‐driven discovery of probable Alzheimer's disease and related dementia subphenotypes using electronic health records

Wang

et al. 2020

Learning Health Systems

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“…Despite the fact that this normal-range trait profile is characteristic of several personality disorders (Samuel & Widiger, 2008), few studies have examined the links between personality pathology and cognitive decline. Those that have are cross-sectional and limited in scope (Cruitt & Oltmanns, 2018; Dondu et al, 2015; Henriques-Calado & Duarte-Silva, 2019; Nicholas et al, 2010; Pilleron et al, 2015; Prior et al, 2016). Personality pathology contributes unique variance beyond the Big Five traits to predicting later life outcomes (Gleason et al, 2014).…”

Section: Personality Pathology and Cognitive Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These negative consequences may extend to cognitive decline. One previous study reported higher rates of current and retrospectively reported premorbid BPD in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD; Henriques-Calado & Duarte-Silva, 2019). This study also found that current Cluster B PD features, which include BPD, contributed unique variance to the prediction of AD diagnosis when controlling for age, cognitive ability, and other PD features.…”

Section: Personality Pathology and Cognitive Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If anxiety is a primary contributor to unhealthy cognitive aging, we might expect individuals with high levels of AVPD or OCPD features to show similar associations with cognitive decline as those with BPD features. In fact, there is some evidence that retrospective OCPD diagnoses are more prevalent in AD patients, although the findings in the literature are mixed (Dondu et al, 2015; Henriques-Calado & Duarte-Silva, 2019; Nicholas et al, 2010). On the other hand, if BPD stands alone in its association with cognitive decline, the culprit may more likely be disinhibited behavioral strategies for coping with the broad spectrum of negative emotions.…”

Section: Personality Pathology and Cognitive Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personality pathology predicts increased informant-reported, but not performance-based, cognitive decline: Findings from two samples.

Cruitt¹,

Hill²,

Oltmanns³

2022

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment

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Research on the relationship between normal-range personality and cognitive aging has demonstrated consistent, modest effects. The current investigation increases our understanding of unhealthy cognitive aging by testing whether personality disorders (PDs), specifically borderline, avoidant, and obsessivecompulsive PDs, show prospective associations with the onset of cognitive problems. Interpersonal stressful life events and social support were expected to mediate these relationships. The current investigation used data from 2 longitudinal studies of older adulthood: the Alzheimer's disease Research Center cohort (ADRC, N ϭ 434, M age ϭ 69.95, 56% women) and the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network study (SPAN, N ϭ 1,058, M age ϭ 65.92, 54% women). The ADRC study administered a battery of neuropsychological tests to assess cognitive ability/memory. Borderline PD was measured with a composite from the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. The SPAN study administered self-, informant, and interview measures of the three PDs; a free-recall task; and an informant report measure of cognitive problems. Borderline PD features exhibited cross-sectional correlations with memory (ADRC: r ϭ Ϫ.11; SPAN: all rs ϭ Ϫ.08), general cognitive ability (ADRC: r ϭ Ϫ.11), and informant-reported cognitive problems (rs ranged from .15 to .39). Most importantly, borderline PD features predicted an increase in informant-reported cognitive problems in SPAN participants (standardized bs ϭ .13 and .15) over a 2-year period, but they did not predict a deterioration in the performance-based cognitive measures in either study. Avoidant and obsessive-compulsive PDs exhibited little association with cognitive aging. Neither interpersonal variable mediated any of these effects.

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Narcissistic Personality Disorder as Prodromal Feature of Early-Onset, GRN-Positive bvFTD: A Case Report

Michelutti,

Urso,

Gnoni

et al. 2024

JAD

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Background: Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) typically involves subtle changes in personality that can delay a timely diagnosis. Objective: Here, we report the case of a patient diagnosed of GRN-positive bvFTD at the age of 52 presenting with a 7-year history of narcissistic personality disorder, accordingly to DSM-5 criteria. Methods: The patient was referred to neurological and neuropsychological examination. She underwent 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and genetic studies. Results: The neuropsychological examination revealed profound deficits in all cognitive domains and 3T brain MRI showed marked fronto-temporal atrophy. A mutation in the GRN gene further confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusions: The present case documents an unusual onset of bvFTD and highlights the problematic nature of the differential diagnosis between prodromal psychiatric features of the disease and primary psychiatric disorders. Early recognition and diagnosis of bvFTD can lead to appropriate management and support for patients and their families. This case highlights the importance of considering neurodegenerative diseases, such as bvFTD, in the differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorders, especially when exacerbations of behavioral traits manifest in adults.

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Personality disorders characterized by anxiety predict Alzheimer's disease in women: A case-control studies

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Data‐driven discovery of probable Alzheimer's disease and related dementia subphenotypes using electronic health records

Data‐driven discovery of probable Alzheimer's disease and related dementia subphenotypes using electronic health records

Personality pathology predicts increased informant-reported, but not performance-based, cognitive decline: Findings from two samples.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder as Prodromal Feature of Early-Onset, GRN-Positive bvFTD: A Case Report

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