Personality disorders among patients accessing alcohol detoxification treatment: prevalence and gender differences

Picci, Rocco Luigi; Vigna‐Taglianti, Federica; Oliva, Francesco; Mathis, Federica; Salmaso, S.; Ostacoli, Luca; Sodano, A Jaretti; Furlan, Pier Maria

doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.05.011

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The personality patterns assessed are: Schizoid, Avoidant, Depressive, Dependent, Histrionic, Narcissistic, Antisocial, Sadistic (Aggressive), Compulsive, Negativistic (Passive-Aggressive), Masochistic (Self-Defeating), Schizotypal, Borderline, and Paranoid. On the MCMI-III, raw scores are transformed into prevalence scores (PREV), and such scores are used in two ways: 1) a PREV score of 75 and 85 is considered to indicate clinical personality traits, while scores of 85 and over indicate a chronic and moderately severe level of functioning, a personality disorder [27,28]; and 2) PREV are used as continuous scores without applying cut-off points [29,30]. In the original sample, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the clinical scales range between 0.66 and 0.90; in the standardized Spanish scale (N = 964) they range from 0.65 to 0.88, being, in general, very similar to those obtained in US population [26].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in personality patterns and smoking status after a smoking cessation treatment

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThe lack of conclusive results and the scarce use of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) in the study of the relationship between smoking and personality are the reasons that motivated the study reported here. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of personality patterns, assessed with the MCMI-III, and of nicotine dependence on treatment outcomes at the end of the treatment and at 12 months follow-up in men and women smokers receiving cognitive-behavioral treatment for smoking cessation.MethodsThe sample was made up of 288 smokers who received cognitive-behavioral treatment for smoking cessation. Personality patterns were assessed with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). Abstinence at the end of the treatment and at 12-month follow-up was validated with the test for carbon monoxide in expired air.ResultsThe results showed significant differences by personality patterns that predict nicotine dependence (Narcissistic and Antisocial in men and Schizoid in women). At the end of the treatment it is more likely that quit smoking males with a Compulsive pattern and less likely in those scoring high in Depressive, Antisocial, Sadistic, Negativistic, Masochistic, Schizotypal and Borderline. In women, it is less likely that quit smoking those with the Schizoid pattern. At 12 months follow-up it is more likely that continue abstinent those males with a high score in the Compulsive pattern. Furthermore, nicotine dependence was an important variable for predicting outcome at the end of the treatment and smoking status at 12 months follow-up in both men and women.ConclusionsWe found substantial differences by gender in some personality patterns in a sample of smokers who received cognitive-behavioral treatment for smoking cessation. We should consider the existence of different personality patterns in men and women who seek treatment for smoking cessation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in personality patterns and smoking status after a smoking cessation treatment

et al. 2013

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“…Lately, medical research has increasingly focused on the role of sex and gender differences in various diseases. [11][12][13][14][15] Anxiety and depression are more prevalent in women, which might influence diagnostics and therapy. 16 A higher prevalence of chronic pain syndromes has also been observed in women.…”

Section: What Does This Study Add?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations between the characteristics and psychological comorbidities of chronic pruritus differ between men and women: women are more anxious than men

et al. 2015

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“…The psychopathological parameters are depressive symptoms, impulsivity, borderline personality traits and self‐defeating behaviours (all of them increased in BN patients), and the neurobiological ones are 24‐hour excretion of serotonin (5HT) and capability to suppress cortisol after dexamethasone administration (the two of them decreased in BN patients). As research in the field of addictions has revealed not only the co‐morbid presence in patients with alcohol use/misuse of the four isolated clinical variables (Kazemi, Flowers, Shou, Levine, & Van Horn, ; MacLean, & French, ; Picci, et al ., ; Pringuey, et al, ) but also the serotonergic system (Seneviratne et al ., ; Watanabe et al ., ; Wrzosek et al ., ) and the pattern of cortisol liberation that can affect alcohol consumption (Badrick, et al ., ; Junghanns, Horbach, Ehrenthal, Blank, & Backhaus, ; Stalder et al ., ), the first objective of our study was to analyse the specificity of depressive symptoms, impulsivity, borderline personality symptoms and self‐defeating behaviours in order to predict alcohol heavy use (AHU) in a sample of patients with BN. The second objective was to test the hypothesis that 5HT and hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity will be associated with AHU, considering that BN patients will have a specific profile, different from that found in healthy individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological and Clinical Variables Associated with Alcohol Abuse in Bulimia Nervosa

Vaz-Leal

Ramos-Fuentes

Rodríguez-Santos

et al. 2015

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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The study was aimed at analysing the reciprocal relationships of several clinical and neurobiological items in order to predict alcohol misuse in patients with bulimia nervosa (BN). Seventy BN patients and 70 healthy controls were assessed for depression, impulsivity, borderline personality traits and self-defeating behaviours using specific scales; serum cortisol and 24-hour urinary excretion of serotonin and 5-hydroxiindolacetic acid were also assessed. The study confirmed the implications of these clinical factors for alcohol misuse in BN patients, but the results suggested that depressive symptoms and hypercortisolism could lie behind these relationships.

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Personality disorders among patients accessing alcohol detoxification treatment: prevalence and gender differences

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Gender differences in personality patterns and smoking status after a smoking cessation treatment

Gender differences in personality patterns and smoking status after a smoking cessation treatment

Relations between the characteristics and psychological comorbidities of chronic pruritus differ between men and women: women are more anxious than men

Neurobiological and Clinical Variables Associated with Alcohol Abuse in Bulimia Nervosa

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