Personality differentiation, effectiveness of personality integration, and mood in female college students.

Tobacyk, Jerome

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.41.2.348

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The positive correlations of the variability scores between positive and negative affect categories (in contrast to the negative correlations of the trait variables) are in line with previous studies (e.g., Penner et al, 1994;Tobacyk, 1981;Wessman & Ricks, 1966). These high positive associations might be explained by interindividual differences in emotional reactivity.…”

Section: Variability In Primary Emotions: Factorial Convergent and Di...supporting

confidence: 92%

Intraindividual variability in affect: Reliability, validity, and personality correlates.

Eid¹,

Diener²

1999

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

518

546

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Section: Variability In Primary Emotions: Factorial Convergent and Di...supporting

confidence: 92%

Intraindividual variability in affect: Reliability, validity, and personality correlates.

Eid¹,

Diener²

1999

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

518

546

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“…Wessman and Ricks reasoned that a person with a more differentiated and complex emotional life would exhibit less covariation among emotion states. But since Wessman and Ricks's initiative, research on affective complexity using this methodology has been rather sparse (e.g., Carstensen, Pasupathi, Mayr, & Nesselroade, 2000;Feldman, 1995;Feldman Barrett, et al, 2001;Larsen & Cutler, 1996;Tobacyk, 1981;Zevon & Tellegen, 1982), probably because of the high cost of employing P-factor analysis, reliability of the resulting measures, and mixed results generated by them.…”

Section: Affective Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Emotional Complexity: Their Psychological Implications

Kang

Shaver

2004

Journal of Personality

162

169

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Two studies explored the nature and psychological implications of individual differences in emotional complexity, defined as having emotional experiences that are broad in range and well differentiated. Emotional complexity was predicted to be associated with private self-consciousness, openness to experience, empathic tendencies, cognitive complexity, ability to differentiate among named emotions, range of emotions experienced daily, and interpersonal adaptability. The Range and Differentiation of Emotional Experience Scale (RDEES) was developed to test these hypotheses. In Study 1 (N=1,129) students completed questionnaire packets containing the RDEES and various outcome measures. Study 2 (N=95) included the RDEES and non-self-report measures such as peer reports, complexity of representations of the emotion domain, and level of ego development measured by a sentence completion test. Results supported all of the hypotheses, providing extensive evidence for the RDEES's construct validity. Findings were discussed in terms of the role of emotional complexity in ego maturity and interpersonal adaptability.

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“…1983;Larson, Csikzentmihalyi, &Graef, 1980;Stallone. Huba, Lawlor, & Fieve, 1973;Tobacyk, 1981;Wessman, 1979).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The stability of mood variability: A spectral analytic approach to daily mood assessments.

Larsen¹

1987

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

223

202

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Emotional variability is considered by many personologists a theoretically important characteristic of persons. Variability is conceptualized as frequent and extreme changes in mood or emotion over time. Many researchers index mood variability by a within-subjects standard deviation computed from mood ratings provided by single subjects on several occasions. In this article, 1 argue that this index is theoretically limited because it refers mainly to the average extremity of mood change and not the frequency of change. Because the frequency of change is important to any theory concerning emotional variability, I suggest that time-series techniques be used to better represent this aspect of the construct. The studies here illustrate how one class of time-series techniques-spectral analysis-can be applied to daily mood measures to index the frequency of mood shifts. The convergent validity of spectral estimates of mood change frequency is assessed relative TO self-report and parental-report measures of emotional reactivity. The divergent validity of the spectral estimates of mood change frequency is assessed by examining their relation to the within-subjccts standard deviation computed from daily mood assessments. Results suggest that the spectral approach provides an adequate index of mood change frequency that is independent of mood change extremity, helps clarify the meaning of emotional variability, and provides a new class of analytic strategies for inclusion in the idiographic-nomothetic paradigm.Variability in behavior and emotion has attracted the attention of personologists working within widely different traditions. These investigators have all assumed that variability is an inherent and stable characteristic of persons. For example, Henry Murray (1938Murray ( /1981 wrote, "In studying a person over[time], it is assumed, as an approximation, that his personality remains potentially the same. The sometimes marked inconsistencies that occur are put down to the subject's characteristic range of variability, itself an attribute of personality" (p. 110, emphasis added). Fiske (1961) observed, "Holding constant the general conditions and the specific stimuli, we can observe dependable individual differences in variability of response" (p. 340, emphasis added). In a discussion of emotion, Cattell (1973) suggested that "A general tendency to fluctuate . . .exists as a personality trait" (p. 225).Although many investigators are concerned with processes of change and variability, agreement as to what are satisfactory procedures for denning and studying variability is far from widespread (Zevon & Rounds, 1985). Thus, even though many would agree that variability, particularly emotional variability, I wish to thank Jerry Busemeyer, Ed Diener, Alexander Von Eye, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this article. Conversations with Robert Bohrer and John Grottman also contributed to ideas developed in this article.

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Personality differentiation, effectiveness of personality integration, and mood in female college students.

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Intraindividual variability in affect: Reliability, validity, and personality correlates.

Intraindividual variability in affect: Reliability, validity, and personality correlates.

Individual Differences in Emotional Complexity: Their Psychological Implications

The stability of mood variability: A spectral analytic approach to daily mood assessments.

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