Personality Differences and Mental Health

Burnham, William H.

doi:10.1080/08856559.1929.10532199

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Whatever the theory of the unification of personality may be, there is a marked tendency to use the concept of integration as representing normality, maturity and mental health {e.g., Burnham,63). Kiinkel (167) considers progressive integration in personality as equivalent to the absorption of each single experience (Erfahrung) into adequate preexisting experience-systems (Erlebnis).…”

Section: Genetic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The field of personality.

Āllport¹,

Vernon²

1930

Psychological Bulletin

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Section: Genetic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The field of personality.

Āllport¹,

Vernon²

1930

Psychological Bulletin

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“…Psychologically considered, definitions of personality range from the superficial or popular, to the most involved, deep-hidden psy-chiatric conception which takes account of complexes, urges, drives, integration or lack of it, and so on. In testimony to the difficulty of analysis, we quote Burnham (24): "What personality is, everybody knows; but nobody can tell. "…”

Section: Definitions Of Personalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The measurement of personality.

Schwesinger¹

Heredity and Environment: Studies in the Genesis of Psychological Characteristics.

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Human beings have made observations on human nature since the beginning of time. The Bible, especially the book of Proverbs, is replete with shrewd analytical remarks on the conduct and character of man. The ancients under Aristotle, Theophrastus, Hippocrates, Galen, and others, have left records of their peculiar interest. Galen, in particular, is responsible for the development of the theory of "humours" into its four-fold classification of temperament: Melancholic, phlegmatic, choleric, sanguine. This theory influenced thinking for centuries, was finally discarded, and only of late seems to be coming back through another door in the recent efforts to show how glands regulate personality (15, 16). For a summary of the endocrine movement in general see Lipschutz. ( 97)In 1808 appeared the beginnings of the phrenological school, which tried to link personality traits with cranial protuberances, a theory based on a "faculty" psychology and a belief in the "localization of brain functions." This school, sponsored by Gall and Spurzheim, together with the advance of physiognomy, supported by Lavater, was launched as a science on a naive world, and so great an influence did it exert, at least as a pseudo-science, that even today its popular strength is not greatly shaken. At present, and springing more directly from the clinical findings of Kraepelin, as to forms of mental disease, modern German psychiatrists, perhaps the most outstanding of whom is Kretschmer (86-88), are conducting extensive scientific investigations on the relation of personality types to certain bodily structures,-the slight, the athletic, the muscular, the plump, the undersized, and so on. The work on the "constitutional" basis of personality has been reviewed by Bogen. (20) It is also discussed in our Chapter V.The attempt to correlate psychological traits with physical make-up presents a common meeting ground for anthropology and psychology, and was reflected in Galton's proposals to the British Association for the Advancement of Science (44, 45) to pursue a scientific inquiry into "the groups of men who are sufficiently similar MEASUREMENT OF PERSONALITY 91 and skills (intelligence factors), 2. Desires, opinions, attitudes, motives (so-called dynamic factors), 3. Social behavior, conduct (performance factors), 4. Self-control, relation of these factors to one another and to self-integration. Later (pp. 118 ff), we shall discuss tests by the Inquiry to cover each of the above divisions.The work of the Inquiry was officially closed in 1929, but the interest of the investigators, May and Hartshorne, now both of Yale, will no doubt continue to express itself through the channels of the Yale Institute of Human Relations, of which Dr. May is Executive Secretary.

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Contributions to the History of Psychology: XVIII. William H. Burnham: Forgotten Psychologist and Educational Pioneer

Nance

1974

Psychol Rep

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William H. Burnham, one of G. Stanley Hall's close co-workers at Clark University, specialized in educational psychology and within that field made school hygiene his particular concern. Greatly respected by his students and colleagues, Burnham had a modest achievement drive which kept him from gaining more lasting fame than he did. His publications extend from the late 1880s to the 1930s (after his retirement). His concept of hygiene was a broad one, and he urged application of it to all phases of a child's education. Burnham's influence in promoting mental hygiene within the school has been only partially recognized.

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Personality Differences and Mental Health

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

The field of personality.

The field of personality.

The measurement of personality.

Contributions to the History of Psychology: XVIII. William H. Burnham: Forgotten Psychologist and Educational Pioneer

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