Personality Correlates of Depression and Health Symptoms: A Test of a Self-Regulation Model

Relationships between learning approach, procrastination and academic achievement amongst first-year university students

“…Procrastination is perhaps not the most vital factor for achievement, or the learning product, but it may negatively colour the learning experience. Previous research has shown that procrastinators report lower academic satisfaction (Balkis 2013), heightened worry and depressive symptoms (Stober and Joormann 2001; Martin et al 1996), and increased perceived stress (Tice and Baumeister 1997). In our study, we also found that mental/physical health correlated moderately negatively with procrastination and positively with a strategic learning approach and better self-control.…”

“…It may be considered a normal phenomenon as 20-70% of the university students procrastinate (Schouwenburg 2004), and they do it one-third of the study time (Pychyl et al 2000). Procrastination correlates negatively with GPA (r from two metaanalyses ranges from -.16 to -.25) (Richardson et al 2012;Steel 2007), and positively with excessive worry (Stober and Joormann 2001), perceived stress (Tice and Baumeister 1997) and depressive symptoms (Martin et al 1996).…”

“I'll look after my health, later”: an investigation of procrastination and health

“…This is not to imply that the stress experienced by procrastinators does not involve changes in immune functioning that may compromise health. Indeed, the association between negative mood states and procrastination is well established (Beswick et al, 1988;Ferrari, Johnson, & McCown, 1995;Martin et al, 1996;Pychyl, Lee, Thibodeau, & Blunt, 2000;Senecal et al, 1995;Solomon & Rothblum, 1984), and these affective changes are known to negatively impact immune system functioning (e.g., Cohen et al, 1995;Irwin, Daniels, Smith, Bloom, & Weiner, 1987). However, according to Milgram (1991) the emotional upset experienced by procrastinators is a result of the behavior sequence of postponement; therefore, these negative mood states are largely the result of the behavioral manifestations of procrastination rather than the cause of the dilatory behavior.…”

The Psychology of Perfectionism

“…Martin, Flett, Hewitt, Krames, and Szanto (1996) found that PS (self-oriented perfectionism) and PC (socially prescribed perfectionism) were positively associated with physical health complaints in Chapter 7 (Molnar et al) -6 a sample of university students at the level of bivariate correlations. However, they found that the effect of PC was stronger than that of PS because only PC continued to be a significant predictor of physical health complaints when the other study variables were entered into the regression equation.…”