Personality Assessment Inventory

Morey, Leslie C.; Benson, Kathryn T.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_922

Cited by 6 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The PAI is a self-administered assessment with demonstrated validity and reliability for use in a general population of adults aged 18 years or older, as well as in a sample of psychiatric inpatients (including patients experiencing schizophrenia), in which full scale and subscale reliabilities of individual clinical scales, including PAI-SCZ-P and PAI-SCZ-S, were reported to be large and acceptable. 53 , 59 PAI-SCZ-P and PAI-SCZ-S subscales include no transdiagnostic items for TBI and have been validated for use in moderate-to-severe TBI. Though several items which make up the larger Schizophrenia Clinical Scale have been found to be transdiagnostic for TBI, 60 the affected subscale was not used in these analyses and no correction was required.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…delusions of grandeur). The primary response variable of interest was percent change in the PAI-SCZ-P 53 between 5 and 12 months post-TBI.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 63–66 Family history of psychotic disorder was assessed as a dichotomous variable obtained by clinical interview and medical chart review. Pre-injury marijuana use was assessed using T-scores on the Drug Problems Scale of the PAI 53 in conjunction with clinical interview to verify type of drugs used. In this sample, only marijuana use was reported.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PAI-SCZ-S is designed to measure the most characteristic negative symptoms of schizophrenia including social withdrawal, poor rapport and affective responsivity. 53 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To explore this possibility, we undertook a secondary analysis of a prospectively collected, longitudinal data set of participants with history of moderate-to-severe TBI for whom quantitative MRI of the hippocampi and a validated measure of psychotic symptom severity [Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)] 53 were available at two timepoints. Hippocampal volumetric change from 5 to 12 months post-injury was compared to change on the Psychotic Experience Subscale on the Schizophrenia Clinical Scale of the PAI (PAI-SCZ-P) measured at the same timepoints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hippocampal atrophy is associated with psychotic symptom severity following traumatic brain injury

Bray

Sharma

Cottrelle's

et al. 2021

Brain Communications

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Psychosis is a rare, but particularly serious sequela of traumatic brain injury. However, little is known as to the neurobiological processes that may contribute to its onset. Early evidence suggests that psychotic symptom development after traumatic brain injury may co-occur with hippocampal degeneration, invoking the possibility of a relationship. Particularly regarding the hippocampal head, these degenerative changes may lead to dysregulation in dopaminergic circuits, as is reported in psychoses due to schizophrenia, resulting in the positive symptom profile typically seen in post-injury psychosis. The objective of this study was to examine change in hippocampal volume and psychotic symptoms across time in a sample of moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury patients. We hypothesized that hippocampal volume loss would be associated with increased psychotic symptom severity. From a database of n = 137 adult patients with prospectively collected, longitudinal imaging and neuropsychiatric outcomes, n = 24 had complete data at time points of interest (5- and 12-months post-traumatic brain injury) and showed increasing psychotic symptom severity on the Personality Assessment Inventory psychotic experiences subscale of the schizophrenia clinical scale across time. Secondary analysis employing stepwise regression with hippocampal volume change (independent variable) and Personality Assessment Inventory psychotic symptom change (dependent variable) from 5 to 12 months post-injury was conducted including age, sex, marijuana use, family history of schizophrenia, years of education, and injury severity as control variables. Total right hippocampal volume loss predicted an increase on the Personality Assessment Inventory psychotic experiences subscale (F(1, 22)=5.396, adj.R2=0.161, p=0.030; β =-0.017, 95%CI=-0.018,-0.016) as did volume of the right hippocampal head (F(1, 22)=5.764, adj.R2=0.172, p=0.025; β=-0.019, 95% CI=-0.021,-0.017). Final model goodness of fit was confirmed using k-fold (k = 5) cross validation. Consistent with our hypotheses, the current findings suggest that hippocampal degeneration in the chronic stages of moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury may play a role in the delayed onset of psychotic symptoms after traumatic brain injury. These findings localized to the right hippocampal head are supportive of a proposed etiological mechanism whereby atrophy of the hippocampal head may lead to dysregulation of dopaminergic networks following traumatic brain injury; possibly accounting for observed clinical features of psychotic disorder after traumatic brain injury (including prolonged latency period to symptom onset and predominance of positive symptoms). If further validated, these findings may bear important clinical implications for neurorehabilitative therapies following traumatic brain injury.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…delusions of grandeur). The primary response variable of interest was percent change in the PAI-SCZ-P 53 between 5 and 12 months post-TBI.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PAI-SCZ-S is designed to measure the most characteristic negative symptoms of schizophrenia including social withdrawal, poor rapport and affective responsivity. 53 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hippocampal atrophy is associated with psychotic symptom severity following traumatic brain injury

Bray

Sharma

Cottrelle's

et al. 2021

Brain Communications

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Should presurgical psychological evaluations still be a mandated requirement for metabolic and bariatric surgery? A critique of the literature and thoughts on future directions

Marek,

Heinberg

2024

Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases

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The risk identification and mitigation model for presurgical psychological assessments.

Marek¹,

Block²

2023

Psychological Assessment of Surgical Candidates: Evidence-Based Procedures and Practices.

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For the conclusions reached in presurgical psychological assessments (PPA) to be valid and effective across the spectrum of medical problems, many conditions must be met. The PPA process requires a strong empirical foundation as well as flexibility with regard to the types of testing implemented and the types of adverse psychosocial factors assessed during the clinical interview. Further, psychological factors that have been demonstrated to have positive effects on surgical outcomes-mitigating factors-should be assessed. Mitigating factors in this context are good prognostic indicators that would lessen the effect of risk factors, such as evidence of sustained health behavior changes, self-efficacy, and resilience. Standardized methods of integrating data need to be developed, and the range of recommendations should be considered.Recently, we developed a general framework for PPA, the risk identification and mitigation (RIM) model (Block & Marek, 2020; see Figure 1.1), that is designed to be the basis for assessments that are empirically based and systematic. RIM is a five-step process: (a) identification of risk factors via psychological testing; (b) clinical interviewing and medical records review;

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Personality Assessment Inventory

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Hippocampal atrophy is associated with psychotic symptom severity following traumatic brain injury

Hippocampal atrophy is associated with psychotic symptom severity following traumatic brain injury

Should presurgical psychological evaluations still be a mandated requirement for metabolic and bariatric surgery? A critique of the literature and thoughts on future directions

The risk identification and mitigation model for presurgical psychological assessments.

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