Personality and the structure of the nonverbal communication of emotion

Facial Expressions of Emotion

“…There are marked individual differ ences in how accurately an individual's facial expressions are judged and in how accurately an individual judges the faces of others (17,36,71,89,145). Individuals diff er in facial "expressiveness" (encoding ability) and in their ability to judge facial expressions (decoding ability).…”

Facial Emotion Expression, Individual Differences in

“…As far as we know from zero-order correlations of manifest variables, spontaneous and voluntary expressivity in the facial modality are correlated, 0.46-0.62 (Cunningham, 1977;Zuckerman et al, 1976). Thus, there may be a factorial differentiation between spontaneous production of facial expressions and voluntary nonverbal communicative skills.…”

Impact of Pain on Family Members and Caregivers of Geriatric Patients

“…The authors hypothesize that this effect may be a result of women’s skill at recognizing non-verbal cues of pain and distress [51–53]. However, more recent research focusing on verbal communication failed to detect significant associations between the frequency of middle-aged patients’ with chronic pain verbal disclosure and spouses’ marital satisfaction [54], though men and women were not considered separately.…”