Personality and Psychopathology: Working Toward the Bigger Picture

Krueger, Robert F.; Tackett, Jennifer L.

doi:10.1521/pedi.17.2.109.23986

Cited by 233 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…In line with the theoretical considerations of Clark (2005) and Krueger and Tackett (2003) and the empirical findings of De Bolle et al (2012), we hypothesize to find substantial support for the continuity model and more focused support for the complication and pathoplasty models. More specifically, consistent with other studies in the field (Lilienfeld, 2003), we expect that emotional instability will be related to both internalizing and externalizing behaviors, because this personality dimension is mainly responsible for the frequently found correlation between the internalizing and externalizing dimensions.…”

Section: Present Studysupporting

confidence: 87%

Exploring the complexity of the childhood trait–psychopathology association: Continuity, pathoplasty, and complication effects

et al. 2015

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Four different models have been generally proposed as plausible etiological explanations for the relation between personality and psychopathology, namely, the vulnerability, complication, pathoplasty, and spectrum or continuity model. The current study entails a joint investigation of the continuity, pathoplasty, and complication models to explain the nature of the associations between early maladaptive traits and psychopathology over time in 717 referred and community children (54.4% girls), aged from 8 to 14 years. Across a 2-year time span, maladaptive traits and psychopathology were measured at three different time points, thereby relying on comprehensive and age-specific dimensional operationalizations of both personality symptoms and psychopathology. The results demonstrate overall compelling evidence for the continuity model, finding more focused support for pathoplasty and complication effects for particular combinations of personality symptoms and psychopathology dimensions. As expected, the continuity associations were found to be more robust for those personality-psychopathology associations that are conceptually closer, such as the emotional instability/introversion-internalizing problems association and the disagreeableness-externalizing problems association. Continuity associations were also stronger when personality was considered from a maladaptive rather than from a general trait perspective. The implication of the findings for the treatment of psychopathology and personality symptoms are briefly discussed.Although clinical disorders and personality pathology have been traditionally conceived as distinct groups of pathology (Clark, 2005), empirical evidence does generally not support this conceptual bifurcation. More specifically, there has been a historical belief that personality disorders, in contrast to clinical disorders, reflect enduring patterns that are relatively stable over time. Recent longitudinal studies, however, have demonstrated a natural plasticity of personality symptoms both in adulthood (Cohen, Crawford, Johnson, & Kasen, 2005;Lenzenweger, 1999;Livesley, 2005;Skodol et al., 2005;Zanarini, Frankenburg, Hennen, Reich, & Silk, 2005) & Verhulst, 2003). In addition, a mass of literature reports on the substantial overlap between personality and psychopathology in adults (Widiger, 2003) and children (Tackett, 2006), including shared genetic etiological factors (Bienvenu, Hettema, Neale, Prescott, & Kendler, 2007;Krueger, Markon, Patrick, & Iacono, 2005). These research findings all suggest that personality and psychopathology are closely interconnected, given their similar nature and developmental course over time. Much is to be studied, however, to unravel their complex longitudinal interrelations from childhood onward. Delineating these trait-psychopathology connections from the various etiological models makes it possible to map causally oriented pathways of maladjustment toward adulthood . The current study aims to explore the etiology of these associations between earl...

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Section: Present Studysupporting

confidence: 87%

Exploring the complexity of the childhood trait–psychopathology association: Continuity, pathoplasty, and complication effects

et al. 2015

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“…As an important goal of the current study was to test whether our results favored the vulnerability hypothesis (i.e., personality as a predictor of problem behavior) or the scar hypothesis (i.e., problem behavior as a predictor personality) (e.g., Krueger & Tackett, 2003;Tackett, 2006;Widiger et al, 1999), we tested whether personality was a better predictor of problem behavior or whether problem behavior was a better predictor of personality. Our results did not clearly favor the vulnerability or the scar hypothesis, as for 87,5% (i.e., 7 out of 8) of the models in which we found cross-paths in either direction, comparisons indicated that the predictive properties that personality and problem behavior exerted on one another were equivalent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…An example of such a factor would be genetics. Since no such factors were included in our research design, we will focus on the two models that can be tested by directly exploring longitudinal associations s between personality and problem behavior, namely (1) the scar or complication model and (2) the vulnerability or predisposition model (Krueger & Tackett, 2003;Tackett, 2006;Widiger, Verheul, & van den Brink, 1999). Until now, these models find little empirical support in childhood and adolescence, which can be solely attributed to a clear lack of studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are studies that have examined effects of personality traits on DSM-IV axis II personality disorders and vice versa (e.g., Warner et al, 2004), there are to our knowledge no studies in which it was examined whether adolescent personality dimensions predicted DSM-IV axis I problem behavior symptoms and vice versa. Thus, for DSM-IV axis I symptomatology, the vulnerability hypothesis (i.e., the influence of personality on problem behavior) and the scar hypothesis (i.e., the influence of problem behavior on personality; e.g., Krueger & Tackett, 2003;Nigg, 2006;Shiner & Caspi, 2003;Widiger & Trull, 1992) have, to our knowledge, not been tested simultaneously in the same design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The dynamics of personality and identity in adolescence

Klimstra

2012

European Journal of Developmental Psychology

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Portions of this chapter will be published as: Klimstra, T. A., Hale, W. W., Raaijmakers, Q. A. W., Branje, S. J. T., & Meeus, W. H. J. (in press). Personality assessment and maturation. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence. Heidelberg, Germany: SpringerVerlag. General Introduction 12 Chapter 1. General introductionWhen persons describe themselves, they are typically referring to certain characteristics, such as "outgoing", "nervous", "messy", "friendly" and "creative". Exactly these kinds of characteristics define one's personality. In personality psychology, which focuses on individual differences in the just-mentioned characteristics, there has been a longstanding debate on what would be the most appropriate set of characteristics to describe people by. In the last twenty years, there has been a growing consensus on this issue, as a majority of researchers now agree that personality characteristics can be subsumed in five broad traits: the Big Five (Caspi, Roberts, & Shiner, 2005). These five broad factors are Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Openness to Experience (McCrae & Costa, 1987).Extraversion (as opposed to introversion) refers to being dominant, outgoing and energetic in interpersonal situations. Extraverted individuals tend to enjoy social attention and experience frequent positive moods. Agreeableness encompasses a wide range of characteristics that are all indicative of an individual's competence and willingness to maintain positive and reciprocal relationships with others; in other words, pro-social behavioral tendencies. Conscientiousness refers to personal characteristics indicative of behavioral and cognitive control. Conscientious individuals are neat, orderly, and responsible persons, who have little trouble with dividing their attention in an optimal way. Emotional Stability (as opposed to Neuroticism) is indicative of a person's ability to deal with negative emotions in an effective manner. A person with low levels of Emotional Stability is often insecure, has a tendency to experience negative moods, gets frustrated easily, and is commonly anxious. Openness to Experience refers to a person's style of dealing with new information and opportunities. It comprises aspects such as creativity, imagination, originality, and curiosity.Another aspect of the self that becomes more salient in adolescence is identity (Erikson, 1950(Erikson, , 1968. Identity has been conceptualized as "self-sameness and continuity to… the style of one's individuality, and that this style coincides with the sameness and continuity of one's meaning for significant others in the immediate community" (Erikson, 1968, p. 50).Although Erikson's (1950Erikson's ( , 1968 initial work on identity sparked an interest in research on the topic, it could not be directly translated into an empirically testable construct. To overcome this problem, Marcia (1966) elaborated on Erikson's work and developed the identity status paradigm. In this paradigm, the focus is on two key pro...

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“…Given the role of emotion regulation in mental health and everyday functioning (Desteno, Gross, & Kubzansky, 2013;Gross, 2015;Gross & Munoz, 1995;Krueger & Tackett, 2003), much research has sought to relate reappraisal to wellbeing. In doing so, some work has focused on the capacity (sometimes referred to as 'reappraisal ability') to reappraise whereas other work has examined the tendency to do so (Doré, Silvers, & Ochsner, 2016).…”

Section: Distinguishing Capacity From Tendency In Predicting Adjustmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and belief-based emotion regulation capacity and tendency: Mapping links with cognitive flexibility and perceived stress

Moreira¹,

Sahi²,

Ninova³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Cognitive reappraisal is among the most effective and well-studied emotion regulation strategies humans have at their disposal. Here, in 125 healthy adults, we examined whether one's capacity and one's tendency to reappraise differentially relate to perceived stress. We also investigated whether cognitive flexibility, a skill hypothesized to support reappraisal, accounts for associations between reappraisal capacity and tendency, and perceived stress. Although reappraisal tendency was inversely associated with perceived stress, no relationship was observed between reappraisal capacity and perceived stress. Intriguingly, cognitive flexibility was unrelated to reappraisal and perceived stress. These results have implications for both basic and applied science. That reappraisal capacity and tendency were uncorrelated with cognitive flexibility, a core cognitive skill, suggests that reappraisal may be an emergent process that is greater than the sum of its cognitive parts. Moreover, these data suggest that teaching individuals to reappraise more frequently may be an effectual means for reducing perceived stress.

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Personality and Psychopathology: Working Toward the Bigger Picture

Cited by 233 publications

References 84 publications

Exploring the complexity of the childhood trait–psychopathology association: Continuity, pathoplasty, and complication effects

Exploring the complexity of the childhood trait–psychopathology association: Continuity, pathoplasty, and complication effects

The dynamics of personality and identity in adolescence

Performance and belief-based emotion regulation capacity and tendency: Mapping links with cognitive flexibility and perceived stress

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