Personality and intelligence: A meta-analysis.

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the associations of personality and intelligence. It presents a meta-analysis (N = 162,636, k = 272) of domain, facet, and item-level correlations between personality and intelligence (general, fluid, and crystallized) for the major Big Five and HEXACO hierarchical frameworks of personality: NEO Personality Inventory–Revised, Big Five Aspect Scales, Big Five Inventory–2, and HEXACO Personality Inventory–Revised. It provides the first meta-analysis of personality and intelligence to comprehensively examine (a) facet-level correlations for these hierarchical frameworks of personality, (b) item-level correlations, (c) domain- and facet-level predictive models. Age and sex differences in personality and intelligence, and study-level moderators, are also examined. The study was complemented by four of our own unpublished data sets (N = 26,813) which were used to assess the ability of item-level models to provide generalizable prediction. Results showed that openness (ρ = .20) and neuroticism (ρ = −.09) were the strongest Big Five correlates of intelligence and that openness correlated more with crystallized than fluid intelligence. At the facet level, traits related to intellectual engagement and unconventionality were more strongly related to intelligence than other openness facets, and sociability and orderliness were negatively correlated with intelligence. Facets of gregariousness and excitement seeking had stronger negative correlations, and openness to aesthetics, feelings, and values had stronger positive correlations with crystallized than fluid intelligence. Facets explained more than twice the variance of domains. Overall, the results provide the most nuanced and robust evidence to date of the relationship between personality and intelligence.

The interplay between investment traits and cognitive abilities: Investigating reciprocal effects in elementary school age

“…Investment traits might not only be important for achievement-related attitudes and behavior but also for the development of academic abilities Ackerman, 1996;Cattell, 1987). Although the correlations between investment traits and cognitive abilities were in line with both theoretical expectations and previous studies (see Ackerman & Heggestad, 1997;Anglim et al, 2022;Liu & Nesbit, 2023;von Stumm & Ackerman, 2013), there were no effects of the investment traits on change in either Gf or Gc, with the exception of an effect of NFC on reading comprehension. Furthermore, changes in cognitive abilities did not vary with changes in investment traits.…”

“…As seek think and seek learn investment traits motivate individuals to seek out for cognitive challenges and learning opportunities, respectively, they should promote both Gf and Gc in the long run. In line with this proposition, seek investment traits correlate with both Gf and (especially) Gc (see Ackerman & Heggestad, 1997;Anglim et al, 2022;Liu & Nesbit, 2023;von Stumm & Ackerman, 2013, for meta-analyses). This is also true for elementary school age (Luong et al, 2017;.…”

Feeling good about teamwork: the roles of personality and manifest needs

“…Further, both age and sex have been previously shown to influence personality (e.g. Anglim et al , 2022) and motivational needs (e.g. Corpuz et al , 2022).…”

Dimensionality assessment in bifactor structures with multiple general factors: A network psychometrics approach.

“…To investigate this hypothetical structure of 24 group factors and six general factors, we used a sample of 647 undergraduate students enrolled in an Australian university (Anglim et al, 2022; Wood et al, 2022). Dimensionality and statistical analyses in this sample were done in R (R Core Team, 2022) under the 4.2.2 Version.…”