Personality and individual differences in responses to aggression triggering events among prisoners and non-prisoners

Zajenkowska, Anna; Jankowski, Konrad S.; Lawrence, Claire; Zajenkowski, Marcin

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.467

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Participants responded to items on a five-point scale (1 = not at all true for me; 5 = very true for me). Both scales previously showed good internal reliability (SP α = .78; SF α = .77) (Zajenkowska et al, 2013). The internal consistency of the STAR dimensions in the present research was high (SP α = .86; SF α = .84).…”

Section: Materials and Proceduressupporting

confidence: 70%

“…SP and SF have different personality correlations, with SF correlating with lower self-concept clarity, and SP with higher levels of narcissism (Lawrence, 2006). In non-clinical samples, higher SF and SP were related to higher Neuroticism, lower Agreeableness, and -only SP -to lower Openness to Experience (Zajenkowska et al, 2013). SP correlates positively with physical and verbal aggression and with the tendency to act aggressively towards those who provoke (Lawrence, 2006;Lawrence & Hutchinson, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The hostility is possibly intensified by the fact that depressed individuals are more sensitive to negative events, possibly due to higher levels of neuroticism (Hettema et al, 2006). Neuroticism also relates to higher individual sensitivity to provoking and frustrating situations (Kendler, Kessler, Neale, Heath, & Eaves, 1993;Zajenkowska, Jankowski, Lawrence, & Zajenkowski, 2013) as well as to increased experience of anger and hostility (Sharpe & Desai, 2001). Moreover, interpreting other people's behavior as more provocative than it is, for example by attributing "victims" of physical assault -who had in reality ostensibly provoked their attacker -as being more provocative, is stronger in people who have higher sensitivity to provocation (Lawrence & Hodgkins, 2009;Lawrence & Hutchinson, 2013) or higher hostility (Sanz, Garcia-Vera, & Magan, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Be Careful What You Wish For! Desired and Actual Behavior Inconsistency in Frustrating and Provoking Situations as Predictors of Depression

Zajenkowska¹,

Ulatowska²,

Budziszewska³

et al. 2017

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Studies have shown that both expressing uncontrolled anger and suppressing anger are related to depression. Taking the latter into consideration, we explored another possible mechanism that could be used to predict the level of depression -the consistency between desired and undertaken behavior. In Study 1 (N = 270) we tested whether depressive symptoms are related to emotional reactions in provoking or frustrating situations. The results revealed that higher levels of sensitivity to provocations and to frustrations contributed to higher levels of depression. In Study 2 (N = 195) we applied quantitative and qualitative analyses to test whether the severity of depressive symptoms could be predicted by the consistency of what people desire to do and how they actually act, when exposed to frustrating and provocative situations. The results showed that higher perceived consistency was related to lower levels of depression. The results are discussed in terms of the psychodynamic theory.

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Section: Materials and Proceduressupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Be Careful What You Wish For! Desired and Actual Behavior Inconsistency in Frustrating and Provoking Situations as Predictors of Depression

Zajenkowska¹,

Ulatowska²,

Budziszewska³

et al. 2017

Self Cite

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“…The instrument has high internal consistency (αs = .82 and .80 for SF and SP respectively) and its validity has been examined and supported previously (Lawrence 2006;Lawrence and Hodgkins 2009;Lawrence and Hutchinson 2013). The Polish version of STAR was used previously and validated (Zajenkowska et al 2013). In Korea, the questionnaire was translated for the current study into Korean, then backtranslated into English by two experts and a bilingual translator.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Higher levels of depression are also related to less coherent self-image, that is also more typical for individuals more sensitive to frustrating events (Lawrence 2006). Sensitivity to frustration, which differs cross-culturally, reflects proneness to feel particularly aggressive in response to having one's goals blocked and it was significantly associated with tense arousal (Zajenkowska et al 2013;Zajenkowska et al 2015). A cross-cultural study showed that higher sensitivity to frustration was more typical for collectivistic countries (Zajenkowska et al 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and Sensitivity to Frustration Predicting Depression among Young Adults in Poland and Korea - Psychological and Philosophical Explanations

2017

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The present study examined the differences in the psychological wellbeing of 270 Polish (198 female) and 209 South Korean (87 female) students. Specifically, it tested the difference in depressive symptom severity between Polish and Korean students, and how this difference may be accounted for by stress and sensitivity to frustration. Poles and Koreans were chosen for this investigation as they vary in terms of culture with Koreans being more collectivistic and more dependent on social context. It was hypothesized that Koreans will have higher levels of depressive symptom severity than Poles due to the elevated levels of stress and sensitivity to frustration. Participants in both countries completed a set of questionnaires including the PHQ-9 -Patient Health Questionnaire, the STAR -Situational Triggers of Aggressive Responses Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale -PSS 10. We found that Koreans were more depressed than Poles due to the higher stress levels and sensitivity to frustration. We discuss our study from two culturally distinct perspectives: psychological and philosophical. As this article addresses the problem of frustration and stress with attention to social context of emotional expression (or restraining from it), a philosophical concept of resentment may turn out to be a promising area of further research and interpretation.

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Reduced attention toward faces, intentionality and blame ascription in violent offenders and community‐based adults: Evidence from an eye‐tracking study

Zajenkowska

Bodecka

Duda

et al. 2022

Aggressive Behavior

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People typically have a strong bias in attention toward faces to help them understand social interactions. Nonetheless some people, like incarcerated offenders and psychopaths, exhibit deficits in "face reading," which may impair their interpretations, especially in case of attribution allocation in harmful events. In these cases, the ascription of intentionality is key in understanding the allocation of blame and structuring social information processing. Consequently, in the current study, in addition to typically studied intentionality and blame ascription levels (subfactors of hostile attributions), we also propose a new indicator of hostile attributions: intentionality/blame isomorphism, indicating reduced differentiation between those two factors. Violent prison inmates (N = 63) and community-based adults without previous history of incarceration (N = 63) took part in an eye-tracking study. In line with our hypotheses, offenders exhibited reduced attention orienting to faces as well as greater intentionality/blame isomorphism. In the case of both groups, people looked longer at the faces of the harm doer compared with the harm receiver.Additionally, greater intentionality/blame isomorphism predicted reduced attention to faces; however, when group status was included in the model, it became the only significant predictor of the attention to faces. Future studies should examine the origins of these gaze and attribution patterns and investigate consequences related to social perception and interactions of people prone to violence.

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Personality and individual differences in responses to aggression triggering events among prisoners and non-prisoners

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Be Careful What You Wish For! Desired and Actual Behavior Inconsistency in Frustrating and Provoking Situations as Predictors of Depression

Be Careful What You Wish For! Desired and Actual Behavior Inconsistency in Frustrating and Provoking Situations as Predictors of Depression

Stress and Sensitivity to Frustration Predicting Depression among Young Adults in Poland and Korea - Psychological and Philosophical Explanations

Reduced attention toward faces, intentionality and blame ascription in violent offenders and community‐based adults: Evidence from an eye‐tracking study

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