Personality and Addiction

The role of psychopathology in the parenting of drug-dependent women

“…These studies indicate an incidence of lifetime mental disorders, es-Matias, Tronick, Connell, & Lyons-Ruth, 1986). It has been suggested that these types pecially antisocial personality disorders, depression, and anxiety disorders, that is even of maternal behavior lead to insecure attachment of the young children to their mothers higher than that reported for substance abusers in the epidemiologic studies (Cacciola, (Gaensbauer, Harmon, Cytryn, & McKnew, 1984;Radke-Yarrow, Cummings, Kuczin-Rutherford, Alterman, McKay, & Snider, 1996;Ellason, Ross, Sainton, & Mayran, ski, & Chapman, 1985), to coercive exchanges between mother and child, and to in-1996; Haller, Motley, & Schnoll, 1994;Hien, Zimberg, Weisman, First, & Ackerman, 1997; teractions characterized by an overempathic response of the child to the parent as well as Luthar, Cushing, Merikangas, & Rounsaville, depressed mood style in the child (Field, these difficulties are likely to create problems in parental functioning. 1992).…”

“…Also confirming the results of previous studies, the substance-abusing mothers in this At least eight other papers have published data on prevalence of lifetime comorbid men-sample were less likely to remain actively involved in the care of their children at age 10 tal disorder in samples of women seeking treatment for substance abuse problems (Grif-years. Even when caring for their children, these mothers were more likely to have had fin Haller et al, 1994;Hesselbrock et al, 1985;Luthar et al, 1998; Mar-periods when they had relinquished care. Multivariate analyses suggested that maternal lowe et Ross, Glaser, & Stiasny, 1988;Rounsaville et al, 1982Rounsaville et al, , 1991.…”

Substance use during pregnancy: time for policy to catch up with research

“…MATID is associated with general psychosocial risk factors that compromise child outcome apart from substance abuse issues including poverty, [111,112] chaotic and dangerous lifestyles, [113,114] symptoms of psychopathology, [115-119] history of childhood sexual abuse, [120,121] and involvement in difficult or abusive relationships with male partners [122,123]. Pregnant women in substance abuse treatment show a high incidence of psychopathology [124] including affective and personality disorders [125,126] and depressive symptoms [127,128]. Pregnant cocaine using women showed elevated levels of depression, general mental distress and more psychological symptoms postpartum [129].…”

Comorbidade entre dependência de substâncias psicoativas e transtornos alimentares: perfil e evolução de mulheres em um tratamento específico para dependência química

“…Esses fatores somados à escassez de pesquisas com as mulheres dependentes tiveram como principal conseqüência a generalização, as vezes indevida, de resultados de pesquisa obtidos com homens para elas (Haller et al, 1994;Hochgraf, 1995;Swift et al, 1996;Hodgins et al, 1997;Stein, Cyr, 1997). O mesmo ocorreu com os programas de tratamento, que desenhados a partir das necessidades masculinas, foram aplicados às mulheres, com pouca consideração por quaisquer diferenças de sexo, sejam elas fisiológicas, psicológicas ou sociais (Swift et al, 1996;Hodgins et al, 1997).…”

“…Tão escondido que nos anos 80, quando a busca por tratamentos mais eficazes orientou a investigação científica no sentido de delimitar subgrupos e os movimentos feministas americanos passaram a defender a criação de programas terapêuticos mais adequados e sensíveis às prioridades das mulheres, esbarrou-se na extrema escassez de pesquisas que permitissem caracterizá-las enquanto subgrupo (Reed, 1987;Thurstin, Alfano, 1988;Haller et al, 1994;Hochgraf, 1995;Swift et al, 1996;Hodgins et al, 1997;Stein, Cyr, 1997;Zilberman, 1998). Só para termos uma idéia, no período entre 1970 e 1984 em estudos de alcoolismo somente 8% dos sujeitos era mulheres e entre 1984 e 1989 apenas 25 estudos sobre dependência relatavam diferenças entre os sexos.…”