Personality, a key factor in personalized medicine?

Boersma, Gretha J.; Benthem, Lambertus; Beek, André P van; Dijk, Gertjan van; Scheurink, Antonius

doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.079

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…These examples indicate that personality seems to be an important factor in the efficacy of certain substances and nutritional supplementations. Personalized medicine in animals and humans already indicates that personality is a strong indicator for pathology development, medical treatment and substance efficacy ( 163 ). Understanding the individual personalities of farm animals is not only important for their welfare but also has an impact on economic factors for farmers [reviewed by Clark et al ( 164 )].…”

Section: Personality and Welfare In Farm Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality Research in Mammalian Farm Animals: Concepts, Measures, and Relationship to Welfare

2018

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Measuring and understanding personality in animals is a rising scientific field. Much research has been conducted to assess distinctive individual differences in behavior in a large number of species in the past few decades, and increasing numbers of studies include farm animals. Nevertheless, the terminology and definitions used in this broad scientific field are often confusing because different concepts and methods are used to explain often synonymously applied terms, such as personality, temperament and coping style. In the present review we give a comprehensive overview of the concepts and terms currently used in animal personality research and critically reveal how they are defined and what they measure. First, we shortly introduce concepts describing human personality and how these concepts are used to explain animal personality. Second, we present which concepts, methods and measures are applied in farm animal personality research and show that the terminology used seems to be somehow species-related. Finally, we discuss some findings on the possible impact of personality on the welfare of farm animals. The assessment of personality in farm animals is of growing scientific and practical interest. Differences in theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches may also entail the diverse use of the different concepts between basic and applied research approaches. We conclude that more consistency is needed in using different theoretical concepts, terms and measures, especially in farm animal personality research. The terms coping style and temperament, which are used in different ways, should not be examined as independent concepts, but rather should be considered as different aspects of the whole personality concept. Farm animal personality should be increasingly considered for the improvement of animal housing, management, breeding and welfare.

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Section: Personality and Welfare In Farm Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality Research in Mammalian Farm Animals: Concepts, Measures, and Relationship to Welfare

2018

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“…First, the general applicability of the prosocial vaccination hypothesis is not well-established. In particular, the effects of health behaviour interventions will likely depend on psychological differences [7,16,17] such as risk perceptions [18][19][20][21]. Supporting this view, prosocial sensitivities have been found to decrease with disease risk [22], and the effect of motivational messages have been found to depend on the relative prevalence of high and low risk groups [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Limits of the social-benefit motive among high-risk patients: a field experiment on influenza vaccination behaviour

et al. 2020

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Background Influenza vaccine uptake remains low worldwide, inflicting substantial costs to public health. Messages promoting social welfare have been shown to increase vaccination intentions, and it has been recommended that health professionals communicate the socially beneficial aspects of vaccination. We provide the first test whether this prosocial vaccination hypothesis applies to actual vaccination behaviour of high-risk patients. Methods In a field experiment at a tertiary care public hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, we compare the effects of two motivational messages for promoting vaccination. Using a between-subjects single-blind experimental design patients were randomly assigned to frames emphasizing the vaccine’s benefits to self (n = 125) or social benefits (n = 119). Free influenza vaccination was offered to each patient. Results Among 222 patients who were not vaccinated for the season prior to the study (72% medically assessed to be at high risk), 42% in the self-benefit frame chose to receive a vaccination compared with 34% in the social-benefits frame, but the difference was not statistically significant (aOR = 1.63, 95% CI 0.90 to 2.95, p = 0.108). Reasons for vaccination focused primarily on self-benefit (67%) rather than social-benefit (5%). Exploratory analysis showed that the effect of messages depended on patient perception of risk group membership (aORHigh / aORLow = 5.59, 95% CI 1.30 to 24.05, p = 0.021). In particular, emphasis on self-benefit was more influential among patients who perceived themselves to be in the risk group (aOR = 6.22, 95% CI 1.69 to 22.88, p = 0.006). Conclusions In contrast to the literature observing intentions of low-risk populations, we found no evidence that social-benefit motivates actual vaccination behaviour among a high-risk patient population. Instead, those who self-categorize as being in the high risk group are more motivated by the self-benefit message. Our results suggest that a stratified approach can improve coverage: even if an emphasis on social-benefit could be effective among low-risk groups, an emphasis on self-benefit holds more promise for increasing vaccination in medical organizational settings where high-risk groups are prevalent. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04230343 Retrospectively registered on the 13th January 2020.

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“…Smith & MacKenzie 2006, Boersma et al 2011, animal welfare issues (e.g. Huntingford & Adams 2005, Brown et al 2009, Weiss et al 2011 and conservation (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covariation between behaviour and physiology indicators of coping style in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Tudorache¹,

Schaaf²,

Slabbekoorn³

2013

Journal of Endocrinology

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All vertebrates exhibit physiological responses to a wide variety of stressors. The amplitude and profile of the response depend on the intensity, duration, controllability and predictability of the stressor, but there is also individual variation in the response, termed coping style. A better understanding of the expression of coping styles is of great value for medical applications, animal welfare issues and conservation. Here, we investigated the effect of repeated netting stress on proactive and reactive zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an upcoming model system for stress research. Fish were separated by coping styles according to the order of entering a novel environment. Subsequently, repeated netting stress was applied as stressor, over a period of 21 days. Full-body cortisol levels were determined at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after the last repeated stress event. Our results show that reactive fish display i) increased basal cortisol concentrations after being repeatedly stressed, ii) higher cortisol secretion over time and iii) slow recovery of cortisol concentration towards basal levels after the last repeated stress event. This study shows for the first time in zebrafish that different coping styles are associated with different cortisol responses during the recovery from stress over time and that coping styles can explain otherwise unaccounted variation in physiological stress responses.

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Personality, a key factor in personalized medicine?

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Personality Research in Mammalian Farm Animals: Concepts, Measures, and Relationship to Welfare

Personality Research in Mammalian Farm Animals: Concepts, Measures, and Relationship to Welfare

Limits of the social-benefit motive among high-risk patients: a field experiment on influenza vaccination behaviour

Covariation between behaviour and physiology indicators of coping style in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

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